- •INTRODUCTION
- •INTRODUCTION TO STYLISTICS
- •1. STYLE AND STYLISTICS
- •2. EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES
- •3. FUNCTIONAL STYLES OF SPEECH
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #1
- •1. STYLISTICALLY-NEUTRAL WORDS
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #2
- •As we can see from the above example with the word contract, the meaning of stylistically neutral words is broad, general and bear no additional information.
- •2. STYLISTICALLY-COLOURED WORDS
- •LEXICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES
- •1. SIMILE
- •2. METAPHOR
- •3. PERSONIFICATION
- •6. SYNECDOCHE
- •7. ANTONOMASIA
- •8. PERIPHRASIS
- •9. EUPHEMISM
- •10. EPITHET
- •11. OVER-STATEMENT (HYPERBOLE)
- •12. UNDER-STATEMENT (MEIOSIS)
- •13. OXYMORON
- •14. ZEUGMA
- •16. IRONY
- •17. PARADOX
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #4
- •1. INVERSION
- •2. DETACHMENT
- •3. PARENTHESIS
- •4. ELLIPSIS
- •5. BREAK-IN-THE-NARRATIVE (APOSIOPESIS)
- •6. PARALLELISM
- •7. CHIASMUS (REVERSED PARALLELISM)
- •8. REPETITION
- •9. TAUTOLOGY
- •10. POLYSYNDETON
- •11. ASYNDETON
- •12. ENUMERATION
- •13. RHETORICAL QUESTION
- •14. STREAM-OF-CONSCIOUSNESS METHOD
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #5
- •POETIC EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES
- •1. EUPHONY
- •2. METRE
- •QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES TO LECTURE #6
- •ENGLISH VERSIFICATION
- •1. RHYME
- •2. TYPES OF RHYME
- •3. PATTERNS OF RHYME
- •4. STRUCTURE OF VERSE. STANZA
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #7
- •FUNCTIONAL STYLES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- •1. STYLE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
- •2. SCIENTIFIC PROSE STYLE
- •3. PUBLICISTIC STYLE
- •4. NEWSPAPER STYLE
- •5. BELLES-LETTER STYLE (FICTION)
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #8
- •APPLICATION LETTER
- •Exercise 2. Study the example of cover letter. Write down your cover letter for a cargo of petrochemical products shipped to the USA.
- •ABSTRACT
- •SAMPLE ABSTRACTS
- •STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE NARRATIVE
- •1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NARRATIVE
- •2. THE BASICS OF ANALYSIS
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #9
- •THE FOOTBALL MATCH
- •REFERENCES
The moral of the story is ... .
The central conflict of the story is ... .
9. Express your attitude towards the things described.
The story reveals human virtues and vices.
The story is a remarkable insight into human character. The story is an in-depth study of human nature.
In my opinion ... .
On the one hand ... on the other hand ... .
As far as we know ... .
I believe that ... .
Exercise 2. Analyse the following text according to the plan for stylistic analysis of the text.
THE FOOTBALL MATCH
Something very queer is happening in that narrow thoroughfare to the west of the town. A grey-green tide flows sluggishly down its length. It’s a tide of cloth caps.
These caps have just left the ground of the Bruddesford United Association Football Club. To say that these men paid their shilling to watch twenty-two hirelings kick a ball is merely to say that a violin is wood and catgut, that “Hamlet” is so much paper and ink. For a shilling the Bruddesford United A.F.C. offered you Conflict and Art; it turned you into a critic, happy in your judgement of fine points, ready in a second to estimate the worth of a well-judged pass, a run down the touch line, a lightning shot, a clearance kick by back or goal-keeper; it turned you into a partisan, holding your breath when the ball came sailing into your goalmouth, ecstatic when your forwards raced away towards the opposite goal, elated, downcast, bitter, triumphant by turns at the fortunes of your side, watching a ball shape Illiads and Odysseys for you; and what is more, it turned you into a member of a new community, all brothers together for an hour and a half, for not only had you escaped from the clanking
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machinery of this lesser life, from work, wages, rent, doles, sick pay, insurance cards, nagging wives, ailing children, bad bosses, idle workmen, but you had escaped with most of your mates and your neighbours, with half the town, and there you were, cheering together, thumping one another on the shoulders, swopping judgements like lords of the earth, having pushed your way through a turnstile into another and altogether more splendid kind of life, hurting with Conflict and yet passionate and beautiful in its Art. Moreover, it offered you more than a shilling’s worth of material for talk during the rest of the week.
(from “Good Companions” by J.B. Priestley. Abridged)
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