EXERCISES TO LECTURE #8

Exercise 1. Study the following example. And write down your own application letter for the position of your dream.

APPLICATION LETTER

6123 Farrington Road

Apt. G11

Chapel Hill, NC 27514

January 11, 2009

Taylor, Inc.

694 Rockstar Lane

Durham, NC 27708

Dear Ms. Jones:

I am seeking a position in your engineering department where I may use my training in computer sciences to solve Taylor's engineering problems. I would like to be a part of the department that developed the Internet Selection System.

I expect to receive a B.Sc. degree in Engineering from North Carolina State University in June and by that time will have completed the Computer Systems Engineering Program. Since September 2004, I have been participating, through the University, in the Professional Training Program at Computer Systems International in Raleigh. In the program I was assigned to several staff sections as an apprentice. Most recently, I have been a programmer trainee in the Engineering Department and have gained a great deal of experience in computer applications. Details of the academic courses I have taken are included in the enclosed resume.

If there is a position open at Taylor Inc., please let me know whom I should contact for further information. I look forward to hearing from you soon. I may be reached at my office (919-866-4000 ext. 232) or via email (Brock@aol.com).

Sincerely, Rebecca Brock

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Exercise 2. Study the example of cover letter. Write down your cover letter for a cargo of petrochemical products shipped to the USA.

Your Company Logo and Contact Information

January 11, 2009

Brian Eno, Chief Engineer

Carolina Chemical Products

3434 Pond View Lane

Durham, NC 27708

Dear Mr. Eno:

Enclosed is the final report on our installment of pollution control equipment at Eastern Chemical Company, which we send with Eastern's Permission. Please call me collect (ext. 1206) or email me at the address below if I can answer any questions.

Sincerely, Nora Cassidy

Technical Services Manager ncassidy@company.com

Exercise 3. Study the structure of the following abstract.

ABSTRACT

Introduction

The work reports ...

The purpose of the study was …

This study attempted to answer the following questions … This study focused on …

The aim of this study was to …

... has been studied.

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Methods

The experimental study was carried out ...

The following methods were used ...

... was (were) tested at the following conditions: ....

... was performed based on ...

... were established.

... has been designed.

A theory of ... has been developed.

... has been estimated.

Results

The results obtained fitted the theory of ...

Experimental results are in agreement with ...

The predicted results explained the experimental results well.

Therefore, ...

Conclusions

The proposed theory can be used for ...

The proposed methodology can be used as ...

The practical application of this work is ...

Exercise 4. Study sample abstracts. Write down your own abstract.

SAMPLE ABSTRACTS

Production of Diesel Fuel from Renewable Feeds: Kinetics of Ethyl Stearate Decarboxylation

M. Snåre, I. Kubičková, P. Mäki-Arvela, K. Eränen, J. Wärnå and D.Yu. Murzin

Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland

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Abstract

The kinetics of liquid phase ethyl stearate decarboxylation for production of diesel fuel hydrocarbons was studied over a Pd/C catalyst in a semi-batch reactor. The kinetic behavior was tested in a wide range of temperature. Furthermore a supplementary investigation of the reaction intermediate, stearic acid, was performed. The main kinetic regularities were established in both cases. Finally successful kinetic modeling and parameter estimation was performed based on the proposed reaction route. The predicted results explained the experimental results well.

Keywords: Decarboxylation; Stearic acid; Biodiesel

Mathematical Modelling of Phenol Photooxidation: Kinetics of the

Process Toxicity

Oscar Primo, María J. Rivero, Inmaculada Ortiz and Angel Irabien

Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Inorgánica, E.T.S.I.I. y T., Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain

Abstract

This work reports the kinetic analysis of the photochemical degradation of phenol making use of the evolution of parameters such as the total organic carbon (TOC), toxicity of the treated water (TU), and oxidant concentration H2O2. The experimental study was carried out working with an initial concentration of phenol of 1000 mg L−1, with a constant flux of radiation of 8.8 × 10−5 einstein s−1 and a variable initial concentration of the oxidant in the range between 17 000 mg L−1 and 51 000 mg L−1. The obtained results of TOC fitted to a first order kinetic law whereas zero order kinetics was found to describe H2O2 evolution. The decrease of the toxicity followed a constant trend related to TOC, being the ratio TU/TOC dependant on the initial H2O2 concentration.

Keywords: UV/H2O2; Phenol oxidation; TOC; TU evolution; Kinetic model

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The Impact of Regulation on Innovation

LUCY FIRTH

Economics of Infrastructures, Technical University, Delft

DAVID MELLOR

School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia

Abstract

This paper presents two examples that indicate the breadth of the impact of regulation on innovation. That some of the impacts in those examples were not intended by the regulators is taken as evidence that a better understanding of the impact of regulation is needed. The examples can be understood within theoretical frameworks that place innovation at the centre of social and economic activity within an integrated system. It is argued that understanding that system is essential to the better appreciation of the innovation process and relevant policy.

Keywords: Innovation, competition, licensing, system, learning Exercise 5. Study the phrases for giving a presentation.

Introducing Yourself

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

We haven’t all met before, so I’d better introduce myself. I’m _________ from _________.

I hope you’ll excuse my English. I’m a little out of practice.

Preparing the Audience

I’m going to be talking about _________.

I’ll start with _________ and then move on to _________, finally, I’m going to ________.

I think if you don’t mind, we’ll leave questions to the end.

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Delivering the Message

Firstly … Secondly … This brings me to my next point … I must emphasize …

At this point we must consider … Now, to digress for a moment … To go back to my earlier point … Finally …

Winding-up

Before closing I’d like to summarize the main points again. That’s all I have to say for the moment …

Thank you for listening.

Now if there are any questions, I’ll be happy to answer them.

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