- •INTRODUCTION
- •INTRODUCTION TO STYLISTICS
- •1. STYLE AND STYLISTICS
- •2. EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES
- •3. FUNCTIONAL STYLES OF SPEECH
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #1
- •1. STYLISTICALLY-NEUTRAL WORDS
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #2
- •As we can see from the above example with the word contract, the meaning of stylistically neutral words is broad, general and bear no additional information.
- •2. STYLISTICALLY-COLOURED WORDS
- •LEXICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES
- •1. SIMILE
- •2. METAPHOR
- •3. PERSONIFICATION
- •6. SYNECDOCHE
- •7. ANTONOMASIA
- •8. PERIPHRASIS
- •9. EUPHEMISM
- •10. EPITHET
- •11. OVER-STATEMENT (HYPERBOLE)
- •12. UNDER-STATEMENT (MEIOSIS)
- •13. OXYMORON
- •14. ZEUGMA
- •16. IRONY
- •17. PARADOX
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #4
- •1. INVERSION
- •2. DETACHMENT
- •3. PARENTHESIS
- •4. ELLIPSIS
- •5. BREAK-IN-THE-NARRATIVE (APOSIOPESIS)
- •6. PARALLELISM
- •7. CHIASMUS (REVERSED PARALLELISM)
- •8. REPETITION
- •9. TAUTOLOGY
- •10. POLYSYNDETON
- •11. ASYNDETON
- •12. ENUMERATION
- •13. RHETORICAL QUESTION
- •14. STREAM-OF-CONSCIOUSNESS METHOD
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #5
- •POETIC EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES
- •1. EUPHONY
- •2. METRE
- •QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES TO LECTURE #6
- •ENGLISH VERSIFICATION
- •1. RHYME
- •2. TYPES OF RHYME
- •3. PATTERNS OF RHYME
- •4. STRUCTURE OF VERSE. STANZA
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #7
- •FUNCTIONAL STYLES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- •1. STYLE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
- •2. SCIENTIFIC PROSE STYLE
- •3. PUBLICISTIC STYLE
- •4. NEWSPAPER STYLE
- •5. BELLES-LETTER STYLE (FICTION)
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #8
- •APPLICATION LETTER
- •Exercise 2. Study the example of cover letter. Write down your cover letter for a cargo of petrochemical products shipped to the USA.
- •ABSTRACT
- •SAMPLE ABSTRACTS
- •STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE NARRATIVE
- •1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NARRATIVE
- •2. THE BASICS OF ANALYSIS
- •QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #9
- •THE FOOTBALL MATCH
- •REFERENCES
C. Articles
The main aim of the articles is to interpret the news, to comment on the political & cultural events of the day, to explain and to convince the reader.
The style of an article depends on the newspaper or magazine chosen for its publication, and on the subject matter treated. In an article dealing with sociopolitical life we find a lot of bookish literary words, terms and abstract notions.
Literary reviews are richer in emotionally colored vocabulary and expressive means.
4. NEWSPAPER STYLE
The main aim of newspaper style is to give objective information.
It is achieved by brief news items, press-releases, informational articles, advertisements & announcements.
Numerous articles and essays on art, economics, politics, published in newspapers belong to publicistic style, they aim not so much at informing the reader as at convincing him and establishing a certain opinion.
The intermediate position between articles and essays is occupied by editorials, which bare both features of the publicistic and newspaper styles.
General features of the publicistic style are:
1)newspaper language comprises a lot of abstract, economical and political words;
2)it is characterized by newspaper phraseology and cliches; they help avoiding misunderstanding, because they are trite and widely used (to relax tension, a far-reaching effect);
3)an extensive use of abbreviations contributes to conciseness of forms & expressiveness; abbreviations usually stand for geographical names and for the names of some well-known personalities; they are either deciphered in the text or are wellknown to the reader;
4)neologisms first appear in newspapers;
5)lexical and syntactical stylistic devices - irony, pun, allusions - which are usually trite; vocabulary comprises different groups - slangy words, archaisms etc.;
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