2 курс / Нормальная физиология / Торшин 2014
.pdf
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɝɚɞɠɚɧɹɧ, ɂ.Ƚ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ, ɇ.ȼ. ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɂ. Ɍɨɪɲɢɧ
Ɉɋ ɇ Ɉ ȼ ɕ
Ɏɂ Ɂ ɂ Ɉ Ʌ Ɉ Ƚ ɂ ɂ
ɑȿ Ʌ Ɉ ȼ ȿ Ʉ Ⱥ
ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ ɊȺɆɇ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɝɚɞɠɚɧɹɧɚ
ɂɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɟ
Ɍɨɦ II
Ɋ ɟ ɤ ɨ ɦ ɟ ɧ ɞ ɨ ɜ ɚ ɧ ɨ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ
2014
ɍȾɄ 612(075.8) |
ɍ ɬ ɜ ɟ ɪ ɠ ɞ ɟ ɧ ɨ |
ȻȻɄ 28.9 |
Ɋɂɋ ɍɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ |
Ⱥ23 |
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ |
|
ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ |
Ɋ ɟ ɰ ɟ ɧ ɡ ɟ ɧ ɬ ɵ:
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɢ, ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɜɚɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ,
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ ɊȺɆɇ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɂ.Ɇ. ɋɟɱɟɧɨɜɚ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɂɢɥɨɜ,
ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ȼ.Ɇ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ
Ⱥɝɚɞɠɚɧɹɧ, ɇ. Ⱥ.
Ⱥ23 Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ : ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ : ɜ 2 ɬ. – ɂɡɞ. 4-ɟ / ɇ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɝɚɞɠɚɧɹɧ, ɂ. Ƚ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ, ɇ. ȼ. ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚ, ȼ. ɂ. Ɍɨɪɲɢɧ ; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɝɚɞɠɚɧɹɧɚ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ :
ɊɍȾɇ, 2014.
ISBN 978-5-209-05300-2
Ɍ. II. – 364 ɫ. : ɢɥ.
ISBN 978-5-209-05333-0
ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɚɱɚ, ɫɬɨɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɚ, ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɚ. ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ – ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɹɫɧɨ ɢ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɣ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ. ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɨɦɨɜ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɨɦ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɝɥɚɜɵ 1–7, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɨɦ – 8–14.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ «Ʌɟɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɨ», «ɋɬɨɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ» ɢ «Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɢɹ».
ISBN 978-5-209-05333-0 (ɬ. II)
ISBN 978-5-209-05300-2 © Ⱥɝɚɞɠɚɧɹɧ ɇ.Ⱥ., ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ ɂ.Ƚ.,
ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚ ɇ.ȼ., Ɍɨɪɲɢɧ ȼ.ɂ., 2014
©Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ, ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, 2014
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ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɍȿɆɕȿ ɋɈɄɊȺɓȿɇɂə |
ȺȾ |
– ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
ȺȾȽ |
– ɚɧɬɢɞɢɭɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧ |
ȺȾɎ |
– ɚɞɟɧɨɡɢɧɞɢɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ |
ȺɄɌȽ |
– ɚɞɪɟɧɨɤɨɪɬɢɤɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧ |
APUD |
– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ – Amine Precursors Uptake |
AɌɎ |
and Decarboxylating system |
– ɚɞɟɧɨɡɢɧɬɪɢɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ |
|
ȼȼɉ |
– ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ |
ȼɂɉ |
– ɜɚɡɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɩɬɢɞ |
ȼɇɋ |
– ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ |
ȼɉ |
– ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ |
ȼɉɋɉ |
– ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɫɢɧɚɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ |
ȽȺɆɄ |
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ |
– ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɚɦɢɧɨɦɚɫɥɹɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ |
|
ȽȾɎ |
– ɝɭɚɧɨɡɢɧɞɢɮɨɫɮɚɬ |
Ƚɂɉ |
– ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɢɧɫɭɥɢɧɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ |
ȽɈɆɄ |
ɩɟɩɬɢɞ |
– ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɨɤɫɢɦɚɫɥɹɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ |
|
ȽɌɎ |
– ɝɭɚɧɨɡɢɧɬɪɢɮɨɫɮɚɬ |
ȽɗȻ |
– ɝɟɦɚɬɨɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɪɶɟɪ |
ȾɄ |
– ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ȾɇɄ |
– ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢɪɢɛɨɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ |
ȾɈ |
– ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ |
ɀȿɅ |
– ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ |
ɂɅ |
– ɢɧɬɟɪɥɟɣɤɢɧɵ |
ɂȻɋ |
– ɢɲɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ |
ɄɈȿ-ɗ |
– ɤɨɥɨɧɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ |
ɄɈɆɌ |
– ɤɚɬɟɯɨɥ-ɨ-ɦɟɬɢɥɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɚ |
ɄɈɋ |
– ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ |
ɄɋɎ-Ƚ |
– ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɟɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ |
ɄɋɎ-Ɇ |
ɮɚɤɬɨɪ |
– ɦɨɧɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɟɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ |
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ɮɚɤɬɨɪ |
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3 |
ɅȽ |
– ɥɸɬɟɢɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧ |
ɆȺɈ |
– ɦɨɧɨɚɦɢɧɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ |
ɆȼɅ |
– ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ |
ɆȾȾ |
– ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
ɆɈɄ |
– ɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɪɨɜɢ |
Ɇɉ |
– ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ |
ɆɉɄ |
– ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ |
HbO2 |
– ɨɤɫɢɝɟɦɨɝɥɨɛɢɧ |
ɈȿɅ |
– ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ |
ɈɈ |
– ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ |
ɈɐɄ |
– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ |
ɉȺȽ |
– ɩɚɪɚɚɦɢɧɨɝɢɩɩɭɪɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ |
ɉȾ |
– ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
ɉɈ |
– ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
ɉɉ |
– ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɩɬɢɞ |
ɉɌȽ |
– ɩɚɪɚɬɢɪɟɨɢɞɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧ |
ɊȺɋɄ |
– ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ |
ɊɇɄ |
– ɪɢɛɨɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ |
ɊɎ |
– ɪɟɬɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ |
ɋɊɉȼ |
– ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ |
ɋɌȽ |
– ɫɨɦɚɬɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧ |
Ɍɉɋɉ |
– ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɫɢɧɚɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ |
ɌɌȽ |
– ɬɢɪɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧ |
ɎɇɈ |
– ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɚ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ |
ɎɈȿ |
– ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ |
ɎɋȽ |
– ɮɨɥɥɢɤɭɥɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧ |
ɰȺɆɎ |
– ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɞɟɧɨɡɢɧɦɨɧɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ |
ɐȼȾ |
– ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
ɐɋɀ |
– ɰɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ |
ɰȽɆɎ |
– ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ 3,5-ɝɭɚɧɨɡɢɧɦɨɧɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ |
ɐɇɋ |
– ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ |
ɑɋɋ |
– ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ |
ɗɄɨȽ |
– ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɨɪɬɢɤɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ |
ɗɄȽ |
– ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɚɪɞɢɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ |
ɗɗȽ |
– ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ |
ɘȽȺ |
– ɸɤɫɬɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ |
4
Ƚ ɥ ɚ ɜ ɚ 8
ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂə ȾɕɏȺɇɂə
ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɨɤɢɫɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ.
Ⱦɵɯɚɧɢɟ – ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ. «ɉɨɤɚ ɞɵɲɭ – ɧɚɞɟɸɫɶ», ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɪɢɦɥɹɧɟ, ɚ ɝɪɟɤɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ «ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɟɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ». ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɴɟɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 1,24 ɤɝ ɩɢɳɢ, ɜɵɩɢɜɚɟɬ 2 ɥ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɨ ɜɞɵɯɚɟɬ ɫɜɵɲɟ 9 ɤɝ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 000 ɥ).
Ⱦɵɯɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɨɤɢɫɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɡɚ 1 ɦɢɧ. ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 250–300 ɦɥ Ɉ2 ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ 200– 250 ɦɥ ɋɈ2. ɉɪɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɆɉɄ) ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɭ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6–7 ɥ/ɦɢɧ.
Ⱦɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ Ɉ2 ɢɡ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɤ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ:
1.ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ – ɨɛɦɟɧ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɢ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɚɦɢ.
2.Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ.
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3.Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɶɸ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ Ɉ2 ɨɬ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɤ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ ɢ ɋɈ2 ɨɬ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ – ɤ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ.
4.Ɉɛɦɟɧ Ɉ2 ɢ ɋɈ2 ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɪɨɜɶɸ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.
5.ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ, ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɟ, ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ – ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɹɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ
Ⱦɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨɦ. ȼ 1 ɥ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ 780 ɦɥ ɚɡɨɬɚ, 210 ɦɥ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ 0,3 ɦɥ ɞɜɭɨɤɢɫɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ). Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ 10 ɦɥ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ – ɚɪɝɨɧ, ɧɟɨɧ, ɝɟɥɢɣ, ɤɪɢɩɬɨɧ, ɤɫɟɧɨɧ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ (ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ) ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ
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ɋɪɟɞɚ |
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Ʉɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ |
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ɍɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɝɚɡ |
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% |
ɦɦ ɪɬ.ɫɬ. |
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ɦɥ/ɥ |
% |
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ɦɦ ɪɬ.ɫɬ. |
ɦɥ/ɥ |
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||||||
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ȼɞɵɯɚɟɦɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ |
20,93 |
159 |
|
209,3 |
0,03 |
|
0,2 |
0,3 |
|
|
ȼɵɞɵɯɚɟɦɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ |
16,0 |
121 |
|
160,0 |
4,5 |
|
34 |
45 |
|
|
Ⱥɥɶɜɟɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡ- |
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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ɞɭɯ |
14,0 |
100 |
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140,0 |
5,5 |
|
40 |
55 |
|
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Ⱥɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɶ |
– |
100-96 |
|
200,0 |
– |
|
40 |
560-540 |
|
|
ȼɟɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɶ |
– |
40 |
|
140-160 |
– |
|
46 |
580 |
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Ɍɤɚɧɶ |
– |
10-15 |
|
– |
– |
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60 |
– |
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Ɉɤɨɥɨ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ |
– |
01-1 |
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– |
– |
|
70 |
– |
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ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɨɪɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 760 ɦɦ ɪɬ.ɫɬ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ Ⱦɚɥɶɬɨɧɚ, ɷɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɚɪɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 22°ɋ ɩɚɪɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ-
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ɥɹɟɬ 20 ɦɦ ɪɬ.ɫɬ. ɉɚɪɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɫ ɤɪɨɜɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 760 ɦɦ ɪɬ.ɫɬ. ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɬɟɥɚ 37°ɋ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 47 ɦɦ ɪɬ.ɫɬ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɜɨɞɭ.
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɞɨɯɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɞɨɯɚ – ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɢɦɵɦɢ, ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. Ⱦɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɢ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ (ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ, ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨ- ɫɬɧɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ).
Ʉ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɨɫɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɧɨɫ, ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɫɚ, ɧɨɫɨɝɥɨɬɤɚ, ɝɨɪɬɚɧɶ, ɬɪɚɯɟɹ, ɛɪɨɧɯɢ ɢ ɛɪɨɧɯɢɨɥɵ. Ʌɟɝɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɛɪɨɧɯɢɨɥ ɢ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɲɨɱɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ, ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɧ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟɦ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɛɪɚ, ɦɟɠɪɟɛɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ, ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ. ɇɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɫɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɭɜɥɚɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɫɚ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɨ ɜɚɫɤɭɥɹɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ. ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɫɚ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ. ɇɨɫɨɜɵɟ ɯɨɞɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɫɨɝɥɨɬɤɭ. Ƚɨɪɬɚɧɶ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɚɯɟɟɣ ɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɍ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɝɨɪɬɚɧɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɯɟɹ ɢ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ, ɝɞɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɢ ɥɟɜɵɣ ɛɪɨɧɯɢ.
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