Չոլաքեան Յ., Պատմական Անտիոքի եւ շրջակայից բնիկ հայերն

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60

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3.

ARMENIANS OF ANTIOCH REGION IN DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS AND NATIONAL COMMUNITIES

In the Antioch region, Armenians lived whithin different national and religious communities. Local Armenian contacts with the Arabs began in the 7th century. The Arabs of the region belong to the Sunni and Ismaili confessions. They lived very densely, especially in the eastern and southern parts of the region. The presence of the Turkomans in the region dates back to the 11th century. Their contacts with the Ar­ menians began in 1087, when Antioch passed into the hands of the Seljuks. The areal of the Turkomans is very densely populated, especially in the northern regions of Lat­ takia and Jisr al­Shughur. After the conquest of the region by Salaheddin in 1188, the Kurds settled in the east area of Lattakia, from Sahiun fortress to Shughr and Bagas. The Turkomans and the Kurds enjoyed great privileges in the regions of Antioch and Jisr al­Shughur. The big landowners in the area were from them. The Alawites are the oldest and largest community in the coastal mountains. In the vicinity of Armenian settlements, the Alawites represented several groups. They were rejected by Sunni and Shia Muslims on religious grounds. They did not even have the status of a millet in the Ottoman Empire. The Alawites were engaged in agriculture and have great sim­ ilarities in beliefs, holidays and rituals with the Armenians and Horoms. The Assyrians are considered as the natives of this region. The historians of the Crusades mention Armenians and Assyrians as local Christians. During the Ottoman rule, the Assyrians disappeared from this area. The Horoms are the Greeks of the East, the descendants of the Byzantines. Confession issues played a major role in their historical relations with the Armenians, especially in the 10th and 11th centuries, when the rulers of Antioch were appointed. As Christian communities, there were cultural and everyday relations between the Greeks and the Armenians. During the Ottoman period, Armenians and Horoms lost a large number.

In the region of Antioch, these minorities lived in separate settlements, in sep­ arate districts in the cities. Villages and neighborhoods with mixed populations were very rare. The Arabs, Alawites, Horoms, Kurds and Turkomans of the Orondes Valley speak Arabic, while the Turkoman settlements north of Lattakia speak Turkish. Most of the Armenians had their own Armenian dialects. The Armenians of Yaqubiyeh and Ghniyeh villages near Jisr al­Shughur were also Arabic speakers, while the Armenian inhabitants of the Turkoman Mountains were mainly Turkish speakers. Being the old­ est community in this area, the Armenians kept their Armenian dialects with some Arabic and Turkish words included in them. Beginning from the 19th century, the literary Western Armenian was taught in their schools.

61

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