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1.

THE ARMENIANS OF HISTORICAL ANTIOCH REGION

During the reign of Seleucius (312 – 62 B. C.), the Armenians became present in the regions of Seleucia, Antioch, Afamia, and Laodicea, in the so­called land of Tetrapolis. The Yervandouni satraps and kings of Greater Armenia, Lesser Armenia, Sophene, and Commagene had permanent ties with neighboring Syria. During the rule of Tigranes the Great (c. 140 – 55 B. C.), Antioch became the center of the viceroy of the Armenian state. There is evidence of existence of two Tetrarchates of Armenian settlers.

After the 7th century, the Armenian emigration from Armenia to the northwest­ ern regions of Syria reached large numbers. Although they played a role in the fall of Antioch by the Crusaders, there were also insurgents who sought independence, as the Armenians did in Cilicia. During the centuries of Mamlouk and then Ottoman domination, the Christians suffered greatly: the Assyrians were eliminated, the Greeks remained in small groups, and the Armenians survived only in the following circles:

aa. The villages of Beylan district.

b.The villages of Suwediyeh or Moussa Dagh (Jebel Moussa) district.

c.villages of Kessab district.

d.The isolated villages of the Rouj Valley, Bodama and Ordou districts.

e.The villages of Mount Nebenius or Mount Derius, east of Lattakia.

The old colonies of the great cities of Alexandria, Antioch, and Lattakia were abolished. In the 19th century only 45 settlements were remained in the region. Dur­ ing the last 120 years, the catastrophe of 1909, the deportation of 1915, the annexation of the Alexandretta Sanjak by Turkey in 1939, and the repatriation of 1946 –1947 pro­ foundly changed the Armenian image of these regions. Of these historical and indig­ enous Armenian circles, only Vaqif village remains in Turkey, while in Syria survive the 12 villages of Kessab region in Lattakia province, the villages of Yaqubiyeh and Ghniyeh near Jisr al­Shughur city in Idlib province, and partly the villages of Aramo and Ghnemiyeh in Lattakia province. Total: 17 villages.

Much has been done in connection with the study of history, ethnography, phi­ lology, and Armenian dialects in the Antioch region. The articles in this book are an effort to close the gaps in those sections.

14

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