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THE DRAGON (VISHAB, ARVAND)

IN THE BELIEF OF ARMENIANS OF KESSAB

Key words: Vishab (dragon), Arvand اروند, serpent, sea whirlwind, horned snake, flying snake, big snake, fishlike creature, arabig, Gighitsig Babug, fountain, well, ru­ ined sanctuary .

In the Armenian dialect of Kessab the concept of the Armenian dragon (vishab) is described by the word Arvand.

Arvand is a mythical creature that has real life qualities in the imagination of local Armenians. The people believe in its existence. According to their imagination, Arvand is a horned and flying snake, it is an arabig in the form of waterdog: it is a fishlike creature, whale. Elsewhere it is embodied as a whirlwind, or as an instant lightning. Arvand lives in an environment where there is a fountain, or an ancient and ruined sanctuary. It has the role of keeping the “treasure” of that environment. It is believed that in the ruined sanctuary there is a spiritual humanlike creature, the Gighitsig Babug (the Old Man of Holy Antiquity), with whom Arvand lives peacefully. Through Arvand, Gighitsig Babug can punish those who destroy the sanctuary. Ar­ vand swallows the children and the girls.

What about the etymology of the word? It is proved that all former names of the Orondes River in mythology are related to dragons: Araunti­Orondes, Typhon, Dragon. These have become the special name of the river. The Tigris River in Middle Persian (Shahnameh, written during 977 – 1010) was also called Arvand (Arvand Rod), which literally means “fast­flowing river”. King Yervand the Short­Lived () was the founder of the Yervandouni dynasty of kings and satraps who ruled in Greater Armenia and Dzopk during 570 – 72 B. C. It is testified about him: “Yervand, whose name means snake or dragon”. It is interesting that Yervand and Typhon have the same end: struck by Zeus, Typhon falls to the ground so deep that the subterranean waters overflow and turn into a river: in the case of Yervand, “the Katchk (good and evil spirits in the Armenian mythology) catch and drive Yervand into the river and into the gloom of the underworld.” In modern Armenian, Yervand is a simple male name.

The Armenians of Kessab call Orontes river Assi (the name of the river in Arabic). Moreover, they call all rivers with the same name: Assi.

It can be concluded that in the Kessab dialect, the word Arvand, which comes from the ancient name of the river, has retained its mythological significance, while in some places it is a name of a river or a person. We have not met the word with the same usage anywhere else.

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