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9.

SONG AND DANCE IN ARMENIAN COLLECTIVE CELEBRATIONS

The Armenian feast songs of Antioch region were in two forms: sitting folded around a table and standing in the open air. The first ones were solos and choruses. They were generally troubadour songs, with philosophic and festive material, or patri­ otic songs inspired by Armenian massacres. Solo or duet dance sometimes accompa­ nied the songs. They were mostly in Turkish. Armenian patriotic and folk songs slowly began to spread from the second half of the 19th century. During the festivities, they played some music instruments: kaval, arghur, shubbabik, jumbush, and used a belly drum: dembalak.

The open­air songs were mainly accompanied with collective dances. They were performed in the local dialect, with the group performing the chorus and one of the members of the dancers chain singing a double or quatrain verse. Some of those vers­ es were inherited from the past, while others were orally created at ground. The dances were performed in one or two steps, sliding to the right. They did not play instruments with the dance songs.

The open­air folk dance was the rounddance ( ), for which the drum and the zurna were used, or only the kaval, the shubbabik and the arghur. The round­ dancers formed a chain. The rounddance of Kessab is called Dilani, and that of Moussa Dagh is called Dapki. There was a lot in common in the songdances and rounddances of Kessab, Moussa Dagh and the villages in the south, and they participated freely in the songdances and rounddances. The songdances and rounddances represented the richest and most unique Armenian section of the region.

Kessab and Moussa Dagh songdances and dance melodies currently are arranged, instrumented and performed on stages.

The most popular musical instruments in the Armenian­populated areas of An­ tioch region (in the villages of Suwediyeh, Kessab, Rouj Valley, Kurd Dagh and Lat­ takia) were brass instruments, like zurna, kaval, arghur and shubbabik, percussion instruments, like great and small drums, string instruments, like jumbush and keman. These instruments were common in areas populated by Arabs, Kurds and Turkomans in Antioch region. Of these instruments still are used the drum and zurna, and partly, the kaval.

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