Авиационный английский язык Методические указания и контрольные задания №7. Для студентов ЗФ. Специальности Эксплуатация воздушных судов и организация воздушного движения специализации ЛЭГВС и ОЛР

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МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

1. Данное контрольное задание имеет 5 вариантов. Студент должен выполнить один из этих вариантов в соответствии с последней цифрой своего шифра.

2. Контрольное задание должно быть написано четко, аккуратно.

Необходимо оставлять поля для замечаний и рекомендаций рецензента.

3.К зачету и экзамену допускаются студенты, выполнившие контрольное задание в соответствии с учебным графиком.

4.Для сдачи зачета или экзамена студент должен:

а) перевести текст на русский язык;

б) ответить на вопросы по тексту;

в) образовать части речи;

г) вписать отсутствующие слова;

д) выполнить грамматические упражнения на знание активного и пассивного залогов.

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Вариант 1

I. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Instrument Landing System

The most commonly used navigation system for landings in conditions requiring instrument guidance is the Instrument Landing System (ILS). It is designed to identify for the pilot an approach path that is exact in both alignment, and descent. In its extreme form, coupled with airborne cockpit equipment, it provides a completely automatic hands-off approach and landing. There are three component parts:

1.Guidance. Given by the VHF localizer and UHF glideslope signals

2.Range. Provided by marker beacons along the approach

3.Visual reference. Provided by approach lights, touchdown zone, and centerline lights and runway threshold and edge lights.

The ground equipment consists of two highly directional transmitting systems and at least two marker beacons. Navigational information is interpreted in the cockpit by an adaptation of the very high frequency omnidirectional radio range (VOR) equipment.

Alignment with the runway centerline is controlled by the directional localizer transmitter, which typically is set 1000 feet (300 m) beyond the end of the runway. Deviation either to the right or left of the extended runway centerline is displayed on the combined ILS\VOR instrument. The UHF glideslope transmitter sends out a directional beam along a plane at right angles to the localizer, at a nominal slope of 3° to the horizontal; deviation above or below this slope is also displayed on the VOR receiver in the cockpit. The pilot therefore receives a continuous precise indication of position relative to the correct azimuth and position on the glidepath. Additional information is

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provided to the pilot in the form of two low-power fan markers, over which the aircraft passes as it progresses down the approach path. The outer marker (OM), is located at approximately 5 miles (8 km) from the threshold, at which point the glidepath is at approximately 1400 feet (430 m) altitude, and the middle marker (MM) is sited approximately 3500 feet (1070 m) from the threshold, where the glidepath is at approximately 200 feet (60 m). Visual indications are given in the cockpit as the aircraft passes first over the outer marker and then over the middle marker.

II.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What is the most commonly used navigation system for landing?

2.What does ILS stand for?

3.What does ILS provide?

4. What does the ground equipment consist of?

5.What is alignment with the RW centerline controlled by?

6.How does a pilot receive indication of position on the glidepath?

7.What information do marker beacons provide?

III. Впишите в таблицу соответствующие формы слов.

indicate

direction

guiding

automation

equipped

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IV. Добавьте недостающие слова.

4.OM __________ marker.

5.MM middle __________.

V.Трансформируйте активный залог в пассивный залог.

1.ILS provides a completely automatic hand-off approach and landing.

2.The VHF glideslope transmitter sends out a directional beam along a plane at right angles to the localizer.

3.The pilot receives a continuous precise indication of position.

VI. Трансформируйте пассивный залог в активный залог.

1.Alignment with the RW centerline is controlled by the directional localizer transmitter.

2.Deviation is displayed by the combined ILS/VOR instrument.

3.Guidance is given by the UHF glideslope signs.

Вариант 2

I. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Microwave Landing System

Although ILS gives a substantial increase in airport serviceability in poor weather, the system is not without drawbacks. Introduced as the international standard instrument approach aid in 1947, and based on initial military systems,

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it requires substantial antennas to radiate sufficiently narrow beam signals at the wavelengths used. These signals are affected by the presence of buildings, vehicles, and taxiing aircraft. The best signals are obtained when the beams are reflected from a smooth and featureless terrain in front of the threshold. In areas of steep topography, high performance ILS become difficult and even impossible to install. The use of much higher microwave transmission frequencies would overcome most of the problems associated with ILS. Transmitting antennas become very much smaller and more easily installed. The signal is not sensitive to deflection from surrounding objects and is not dependent on terrain for the forming and propagation of the signal beams. Unlike the two-beam ILS signal, Microwave Landing System (MLS) guidance can be multidirectional, allowing multiple approach paths. The system can also give continuous distance information to the pilot (at the moment, only the fan markers on an ILS approach give twoor three-point positional information with reference to distance from the threshold).

Where there was every expectation that the MLS would be the system to replace ILS by the year 2000, there is now considerable doubt on this score. As a result of a meeting of the ICAO Communications and Operations division in April 1995, the original plan for the transition from ILS to MLS has been replaced by a new global strategy that allows for different areas of the world proceeding at their own place. The United States, having already developed a satellite navigation system, the Global Positioning System (GPS), is working to refine the system further to enable its use as a precision navigation aid for approaches and landings, to replace ILS and MLS. Some states might wish to keep ILS in service until such time as they decide GPS (GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite Systems in ICAO terminology) have been developed to the stage where the transition can be made directly from ILS to GNSS.

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II.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.Does ILS have any drawbacks?

2.What are the signals affected by?

3.What does MLS stand for?

4.What is the difference between ILS and MLS?

5.What was the result of a meeting of the ICAO communications and operations division in April 1995?

6.What does GPS mean?

7.What system will GPS replace?

III.Впишите в таблицу соответствующие формы слов.

serviceability

require

reflected

transmission

informative

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V.Трансформируйте активный залог в пассивный залог.

1.ILS gives a substantial increase in airport serviceability.

2.The system requires substantial antennas to radiate signals.

3.The use of much higher microwave transmission frequencies would overcome most of the problems.

VI. Трансформируйте пассивный залог в активный залог.

1.The signals аre affected by the presence of buildings, vehicles, and taxiing aircraft.

2.The GPS has been developed by the United States.

3.The original plan for the transmission from ILS to MLS has been replaced by a new global strategy.

Вариант 3

I. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Satellite navigation systems

Although the operational use of these systems will be the concern only of governments, telecommunications organizations, airlines, and general aviation in terms of equipment installation and maintenance, there are clear implications for airports in so far as the life of their currently installed navigation and landing aids are concerned. The Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was developed by the Russian Federation; the

Global Positioning System (GPS) – by the United States. The GPS is comprised of 24 Navstar satellites operating on six orbital planes (four satellites per orbit)

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at a height of 10,900 nautical miles. GPS utilizes range measurements from the satellites to determine a position anywhere in the world.

Augmentation of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a method of improving the navigation system’s attributes, such as accuracy, reliability, and availability, through the integration of external information into the calculation process. There are many such systems ready to be used and are generally named or described based on how the GNSS sensor receives the external information. Such systems transmit additional information about sources of error (such as clock drift, ephemeris, or ionospheric delay),others provide direct measurements of how much the signal was off in the past, while a third group provides additional vehicle information to be integrated in the calculation process.

A Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) is a system that supports wide-area or regional augmentation through the use of additional satellitebroadcast messages. Such systems are commonly composed of multiple ground stations, located at accurately-surveyed points .The ground stations take measurements of one or more of the GNSS satellites, the satellite signals, or other environmental factors which may impact the signal received by the users. Using these measurements, information messages are created and sent to one or more satellites for broadcast to the end users.

The Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) describes a system that supports augmentation through the use of terrestrial radio messages .As with the satellite based augmentation system detailed above, GBAS is commonly composed of one or more accurately surveyed ground stations, which take measurements concerning the GNSS, and one or more radio transmitters, which transmit the information directly to the end user.

*Augmentation – функциональное дополнение, усиление

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II.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What does GPS stand for?

2.What is GLONASS short for?

3.What is GLONASS comprised of?

4.What does GNSS mean?

5.What is the difference between GBAS and SBAS?

6.What kind of system is SBAS?

7.What measurements do ground systems take?

III.Впишите в таблицу соответствующие формы слов.

develop

orbital

measurement

disoriented

support