Авиационный английский язык Методические указания и контрольные задания №7. Для студентов ЗФ. Специальности Эксплуатация воздушных судов и организация воздушного движения специализации ЛЭГВС и ОЛР

12

V.Трансформируйте активный залог в пассивный залог.

1.GPS utilizes range measurements from the satellites to determine a position anywhere in the world.

2.The satellites determine the position of the aircraft anywhere in the world.

3.One or more radio transmitters transmit the information directly to the end user.

VI. Трансформируйте пассивный залог в активный залог.

1.The GPS is comprised of 24 Navstar satellites operating on six orbital planes.

2.Such systems are commonly composed of multiple ground stations.

3.Highly accurate position information is produced by the system.

Вариант 4

I. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Operational runways

Air traffic moves either under visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR), depending on weather conditions and prevailing traffic density. VFR operations are possible where weather conditions are good enough for the aircraft to operate by the pilot’s visual reference to the ground and to other aircraft. Operational runways are classified according to the weather conditions in which they operate. The worse the condition in which a runway is to operate, the greater the amount of visual and instrument navigation equipment that must be provided. Runways can be classified according to their ability to accept aircraft at different degree of visibility.

13

Noninstrument runway. A runway intended for the operation of aircraft

using visual approach procedures only.

Instrument approach runway. A runway served by visual aids and a

nonvisual aid providing at least directional guidance for a straight-in approach.

Precision approach runway. An instrument runway served by

Instrument Landing System(ILS) and visual aids, intended for use in operations with appropriate values of decision height and RVR (Runway Visual Range). According to a decision height and RVR runways are classified into Category I, Category II, and Category III which is further subcategorized into – A, B, C.

Precision approach runway – Category I. Is intended for use in operations down to a decision height of 200 feet (60 m) and a RVR of 2600 feet (800 m), Category II – a decision height 100 feet (30m) and RVR 1200 feet (366 m), Category IIIA is intended for operations down to a RVR of 700 feet (213 m) and zero decision height, using visual aids during the final phase of landing, while Category IIIC is used for operations without reliance on visual reference for landing or taxiing.

Runway visual range is the distance over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centerline of the runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or its centerline. This range is now frequently determined automatically by RVR sensors. Decision height is defined as the minimum height at which the pilot will make the decision either to land or to abort the attempt to land.

II.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.Under what rules of the air does an aircraft move?

2.When are VHF operations possible?

3.According to what principle are operational runways classified?

14

4.What is the difference between “non-instrument and instrument approach” runways?

5.What is precision approach runway served by?

6.What is RVR?

7.How is decision height determined?

III. Впишите в таблицу соответствующие формы слов.

navigational

decision

operate

ability

directional

IV. Добавьте недостающие слова.

V.Трансформируйте активный залог в пассивный залог.

1.Under VFR pilots operate the aircraft by visual reference to the ground and other aircraft.

15

2.RVR is the distance over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centerline of the runway can see runway surface markings and lights.

3.Instrument landing system and visual aids serve an instrument runway.

VI. Трансформируйте пассивный залог в активный залог.

1.RVR is now frequently determined by RVR sensors.

2.Instrument approach runway is served by visual and nonvisual aids providing at least directional guidance for a straight-in approach.

3.In case of VFR the flight is conducted by a pilot on a see-and-be seen basis in relation to terrain and other aircraft.

Вариант 5

I. Переведите текст на русский язык.

General flight rules. As the name implies these rules refer to the conduct of flight in such general matters as the safeguarding of persons and property on

16

the ground, avoidance of collision, right-of-way rules, and aircraft navigation lights.

Visual flight rules. In addition to observing the basic rules of the air, each flight has to be conducted according to either visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR). In the case of VFR, the flight is conducted on a see-and-be seen basis in relation to terrain and other aircraft. It is, therefore, necessary for a pilot to have certain minimum weather conditions known as visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Anything worse than these conditions is referred to as instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). The weather criteria for visual flight are intended to provide to pilots an adequate opportunity to see other aircraft or obstructions in time to avoid collisions. For this reason, limits for lower and slower aircraft are less than for those flying at higher speeds and some allowance is also made for areas where traffic is less dense (i.e. uncontrolled airspace).

ICAO set out VFR minimums for various classes of airspace, which countries on the whole have adopted with some slight variations to suit their own circumstances.

Instrument Flight Rules. When visibility and/or proximity to cloud are less than the quoted VFR or VMC limits, flight has to be conducted under IFR. In respect to flight under instrument flight rules, the rules require that ATC must be notified of flight details in advance by what is known as an ATC flight plan. Thereafter the flight has to conform to the plan or to any other instructions issued by ATC. To this, a continuous watch has to be maintained on the appropriate radio frequency by the pilot and reports made, as required, to ATC regarding the aircraft’s position. In the legislation of all countries there is a requirement that an aircraft must be suitably equipped for the type of flight being undertaken and the pilot suitably qualified for that flight.

17

II.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.How many flight rules do you know?

2.What do general flight rules refer to?

3.On what basis is VFR flight conducted?

4.What weather conditions are necessary for a VFR flight?

5.When does a flight have to be conducted under IFR?

6.What do instrument flight rules require?

7.What kind of requirement is there in the legislation of all countries?

III.Впишите в таблицу соответствующие формы слов.

avoidance

collide

control

conducted

continue

18

V.Трансформируйте активный залог в пассивный залог.

1.A pilot conducts a VFR flight on a see-be seen basis.

2.ICAO set out VFR minimums for the various classes of airspace.

3.A pilot must notify ATC of flight details in advance.

VI. Трансформируйте пассивный залог в активный залог.

1.Details are listed in the various regulating documents.

2.To conform to ATC instructions a continuous watch has to be maintained by the pilot on the appropriate frequency.

3.Position reports should be made by a pilot over a compulsory reporting point.

Печатается в авторской редакции

Подписано к печати 25.01.2019. Формат бумаги 60х90 116 . Тираж 100. Уч.-изд.л.1,025. Усл.печ.л.1,125. Заказ 311. С 4.

Тип. Университета ГА. 196210. С.-Петербург, ул. Пилотов, дом 38