Авиационный английский язык Методические указания и контрольные задания

3

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

1. Каждое контрольное задание дается в пяти вариантах. Студент должен выполнить один из пяти вариантов в соответствии с последней цифрой его шифра.

аккуратно. При выполнении необходимо оставлять поля для замечаний и методических указаний рецензента. Иностранный текст следует писать на левой странице тетради, а его перевод на правой.

3.К зачету и экзамену допускаются студенты, выполнившие работу в соответствии с учебным графиком.

4.Для сдачи зачета или экзамена студент должен:

а) уметь читать и переводить без словаря тексты контрольных заданий своего варианта;

б) выполнить упражнения, обращая внимание на словообразующие элементы;

в) Ответить на вопросы по прочитанному тексту г) Перевести предложения с русского на английский язык, используя

лексику теста.

4

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Письменно переведите текст

CONTROLLER "FORGOT" HE GAVE PLANE CLEARANCE

A Moment of forgetfulness by an air traffic controller caused a near disaster at Manchester airport when a My Travel holiday jet had to abort its take off at 100 mph to avoid another aircraft.

The pilot of the My Travel Airbus 321 , which had 220 passengers on board heading for Toulouse, was accelerating up the runway when he spotted a Ryanair plane taxiing across his path. The Investigators praised the pilot's swift action in slamming on the brakes for an emergency stop. According to the Air Accident Investigation Branch (AAIB), the My Travel captain transmitted a one-word message to the control tower: "Stopping". A report yesterday revealed that an air traffic controller had accepted responsibility for the near miss, which took place in February. The controller told an enquiry chat he had simply 'forgotten" that he had cleared the My Travel pilot for takeoff when the Ryanair pilot asked for permission to cross the runway. The AAIB said the incident was down to "human error". The crew of the RyanAir. Boeing 737, which had just landed with 122 passengers on board, were keen to reach the terminal and disembark. The RainAir captain told investigators he had looked down the runway to see if it was clear before crossing. But he said he had only seen the My Travel jet at the last moment because its external lights were off - an allegation denied by the My Travel pilot.

A Nats said the controller involved had been suspended immediately after the near miss. But, after retraining, he returned to operational duty in September. Air safety experts have expressed concern about an increase in runway incursions in recent years, suggesting that the risk of accidents at increasingly busy airports has become more significant. In the case of the Manchester near miss, Nats played down the risk of collision, saying the Ryanair plane had got off the runway almost 200 metres (600 ft) ahead of the My Travel plane. But in a statement, it acknowledged

5

the "serious potential consequences of the air traffic control error".

2. Переведите однокоренные слова, обращая внимание на словообразующие элементы.

develop - development carry - carrier - carriage alert - alerting

safe - safety - unsafe require - requirement

forget - forgetful - forgetfulness accelerate - acceleration - accelerating

3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1.What caused a near disaster at Manchester airport ?

2.Who was to blame in the disaster ?

3.What did the Ryanair captain do before crossing the runway ?

4.Why was the captain of Ryanair unable to observe the My Travel plane ?

4. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения,

используя встречающиеся в тексте словосочетания.

1.Эксперты по авиационной безопасности доложили , что за последние годы произошло более 170 случаев подобных потенциальных конфликтов.

2.В зоне нашего аэродрома было 2 случая сближения в воздухе в прошлом году.

3.Аэробус 321 разбегался по ВПП в то время, как Боинг 737 пересекал

ВПП.

4.Диспетчер просто забыл, что разрешил второму самолету взлетать.

6

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. Переведите письменно текст.

WILDLIFE HAZARDS

A passenger jet had to make an emergency landing after a close encounter with a flock of 21000 racing pigeons, an accident report revealed yesterday. The plane , which was carrying 103 passengers, flew into the birds - or vice versashortly after setting off from Dublin for Bristol . A number of birds were sucked into an engine and the Ryanair service was forced to return to Dublin on the other.

A few minutes after the Boeing 737 took off , the crew heard a series of thuds and a knocking noise from the left hand engine . The plane levelled out and turned back, landing safely. No one was hurt. Ireland's Air Accident Investigation Unit found that 21000 pigeons had been released from Arclow on the coast south of Dublin and were heading back to their lofts in Northern Ireland. The report said the engine suffered "serious bird-strike damage". It continued: "Wildlife poses a particular threat to aircraft operations. Birds, especially when striking an aircraft, can cause serious damage to the airframe, cockpit window and when ingested into engines can caused severe damage. In some cases total engine power loss or even engine separation has occurred." But the report said the incident did "not concern naturally-occurring bird hazards but rather a man-made problem of pigeon racing". Since the incident, pigeon fanciers have stopped releasing birds from areas on the east coast of Ireland and military helicopters have been drafted in to monitor the routes of birds released from other areas.

Racing pigeons weigh 500g (about 1lb) and travel at speeds of up to 70 mph, which gives pilots little time to take evasive action. After the incident, the main pigeon racing organizations in Ireland and Northern Ireland met to discuss the issue. Start locations were changed. An Irish Aviation Authority spokesman said: "The pigeon fanciers agreed to move the path. There have been no problems since."

7

2. Переведите однокоренные слова, обращая внимание на словообразующие элементы.

close - closing - closure carry - carriage

fly - flight - flying

separate - separation - separative discuss - discussion

wide - width

locate - location - located

3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1.What resulted in a passenger jet emergency landing?

2.What did the crew hear after taking off?

3.How many injured people were on board?

4.Why do pilots have no enough time to react to pigeon's strike?

4. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения,

используя, встречающиеся в тексте словосочетания.

1.Пилотам пришлось вчера выполнить аварийную посадку.

2.Через несколько минут после взлета пилоты услышали шум,

исходящий от левого двигателя.

3.В докладе говорилось, что причиной происшествия были погодные

условия.

4.С прошлого года военные вертолеты используются для патрулирования

врегионе.

8

ВАРИАНТ 3

1. Письменно переведите текст.

POLISH PILOTS' POOR ENGLISH ALMOST CAUSES MID-AIR

COLLISION

A Polish Boeing 737 airliner , carrying 89 passengers , nearly crashed with another plane in mid-air over London's Heathrow Airport because its pilots did not understand English. The incident occurred after the navigation system on the LOT Polish Airlines plane shut down and the pilots had to rely on instructions given in English by air traffic controllers. The plane flew around for nearly half an hour as the pilots struggled to understand the instructions.

The navigation problems occurred because the co-pilot had entered the wrong geographic coordinates before take off, causing the navigation system to shut down. Instead of entering a westerly longitude as Heathrow lies to the west of Prime Meridian Line in Greenwich, he entered an easterly one. The pilots were then forced to fly using stand by instruments and follow directions from the ground on several occasions, the co-pilot steered the plane in a different direction than the air traffic controllers instructed. The airliner almost crashed into another airplane at one point, forcing the other plane to change its heading. They were eventually guided to the runway, which enabled the pilots to land safely. The incident caused a "Short Term Conflict Alert", not serious enough to be termed a "near miss".

The crew of Polish LOT 282 were not able to communicate adequately the nature and extent of their problem. The commander, who was making the radio calls, was not able to understand some of the instructions.

2. Переведите однокоренные слова, обращая внимание на

словообразующие элементы.

hazard - hazardous

reduce - reduction

9

intensify - intensive - intensity identify - identification - identity direct - direction directive - directly

add - addition - additional - additionally

3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1.Why were the pilots unable to deal with te situation ?

2.What caused the navigation system to shut down ?

3.What did the pilots confuse ?

4.Why did the plane have to be flown manually daring the emergency ?

4. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения ,

используя, встречающиеся в тексте словосочетания.

1.В прошлом месяце самолет, перевозящий пассажиров, чуть не столкнулся с грузовым самолетом в зоне подхода.

2.После отказа навигационной системы пилотам пришлось выполнять полет по командам диспетчера.

3.Из-за низкого уровня владения английским языком, пилоты не смогли выполнить указания диспетчера.

4.Вместо того, чтобы войти в левый круг полетов, пилоты вошли в правую схему.

10

ВАРИАНТ 4

1. Переведите письменно текст.

FLIGHT PLAN

A flight planning system may need to produce more than one flight plan for a single flight:

-summary plan for Air Traffic Control

-summary plan for direct download into onboard flight management system

-detailed plan for use by pilots

The basic purpose of a flight planning system is to calculate how much trip fuel is needed by an aircraft when flying from an origin airport to a destination airport.

Aircraft must also carry some reserve fuel to allow for unforeseen circumstances, such as inaccurate weather forecast, or Air Traffic Control requiring an aircraft to fly at a lower height than optimum due to congestion, or some lastminute passengers whose weight was not allowed for when the flight plan was prepared.

Except for some domestic flights, a flight plan normally has an alternate airport as well as a destination airport. This means that when the aircraft gets near the destination, it must still have enough alternate fuel. Since the aircraft is not expected at the alternate airport, it must also have enough holding fuel to circle for a while until a landing slot is found. Various names are given to weights associated with an aircraft and/or the total weight of the aircraft at various stages.

Payload is the total weight of the passengers, their luggage, and any cargo. Operating weight empty is the basic weight of the aircraft when ready for operation, including crew but excluding any payload or fuel. Zero fuel weight is the sum of operating weight empty and payload, excluding any fuel. Ramp fuel is the weight of an aircraft at the terminal building when ready for departure.

Brake release weight is the weight of an aircraft at the start of a runway, just prior to take off. This is the ramp weight minus any fuel used for taxiing. Take off weight is the weight of an aircraft as it takes off part way along a runway. Landing weight is

11

the weight of an aircraft as it lands at the destination. This is the brake release weight minus the trip fuel burnt. It includes the zero fuel weight and all alternate, holding, and reserve fuel.

2.Переведите однокоренные слова, обращая внимание на

словообразующие элементы.

safe - safely - safety - unsafe

certain - certainly - certainty - uncertain significant - significance - signification - signify

industry - industrial - industrious - industrialist - industrialization communicate - communication - communicative - communicable -

communicator

create - creation - creative - creator

3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1.What is a flight planning system ?

2.Why must aircraft carry any reserve fuel ?

3.What can be a reason for aircraft to hold ?

4.What does Ramp weight include ?

4. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения,

используя, встречающиеся в тексте словосочетания.

1.Взлетный вес воздушного судна - это вес самолета во время пробега и отрыва на взлетно-посадочной полосе.

2.Для каждого рейса составляются различные планы полета.

3.Главной задачей системы планирования полета является расчет топлива, необходимого для безопасного полета по маршруту и достижения пункта назначения или запасного аэропорта.

4.Запасной аэропорт используется в случае невозможности достижения аэропорта назначения в силу плохих метеоусловий, технических отказов воздушного судна или проблем в аэропорту прибытия.