Ghai Essential Pediatrics8th

Drooling 370

Drowning 707 Drug eruptions 686

Dry powder inhaler 388 Duchenne muscular dystrophy 595

management 597 Dysentery 296 Dyslexia 60 Dysphagia 282 Dysplasia, renal 505 Dyspnea 373

differential diagnosis 282 management 283

Dystrophinopathies 595

Early stimulation 56 Ebstein anomaly 423 Echinococcosis 277 Ecthyma 688 Ectodermal dysplasia 678 Ectopic kidney 507

Eczematous dermatitis 680 atopic 680

diaper 682 seborrheic 682

Edward syndrome 639 Eisenmenger syndrome 428 Electroencephalogram (EEG) 550 Electrolyte

composition of body compartments 71 compositions of body fluids 73 imbalance in severe malnutrition 104

Electromyography 551 Empyema thoracis 395 Encephalitis 568

amebic 271

clinical features 568 diagnosis 569 management 569 prognosis 569

vaccine, Japanese B 201 Enteric fever 243

carrier 244

clinical features 244 complications 244 diagnosis 247 prevention 245 relapse 244 treatment 245 vaccine, typhoid 197

Enuresis 468, 504

Eosinophilia 357 Epidermolysis bullosa 676 Epiglottitis 368, 376 Epilepsy 557

classification 557 clinical features 557 duration of therapy 561 epidemiology 557 errors in diagnosing 559 management 559 medications used 560 prognosis 561

Epistaxis 365, 373 Eruption of teeth 11 Erythema infectiosum 216 Erythroderma 687

Ewing sarcoma 619 Exchange transfusion 174, 176

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction 389 Expanded program of immunization 205 Expressed breast milk 155

Extracellular fluid 70 Extremely low birthweight 125 Eye

disorders 665 infections 667

nutritional disorders 665 trauma 671

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy 597 Failure to thrive 38

causes 39

clinical features 39 diagnosis 39 management 39

Fanconi syndrome 499 Fats 89

Fatty acid oxidation defects, mitochondrial 657

Fatty liver disease 325 causes of 325 clinical features 658 diagnosis 658 treatment 658

Febrile convulsions 556 prophylaxis 556 treatment 556

Febrile neutropenia 622 Feeding

choosing method in newborns 159 complementary 91

counseling for 91 gavage 160

maturation of skills 159 paladai 160 progression of oral 160 replacement 183, 237

Fetal circulation 402

circulatory adjustments at birth 402 Fever

definition 209 etiopathogenesis 209 evaluation of 209 management 209 short duration 210 with rash 212 without focus 210, 211

Fever of unknown origin 211 Filariasis 276

Fixed drug emption 687 Fluid

compartments 70

daily requirement in neonates 146, 147 therapy 714

Food fussiness 58 Foreign body

airway obstruction 711 aspiration 369, 391 removal of aspirated 727

Freckles 686 Friedreich ataxia 580

Fungal infections, see individual infections 359

Galactosernia 655 Gastroesophageal reflux 280 Gastrointestinal bleeding 306

causes of upper 306 causes of lower 307 Gaucher disease 661

GBS, see Guillain-Barre syndrome Genetic counseling 646

Genetic disorders 635 therapy for 644 Genodermatoses 675

GER, see Gastroesophageal reflux Gestational age, assessment of 138 Giardiasis 270

clinical features 270 diagnosis 271 treatment 271

Gilbert syndrome 312 Gitelman syndrome 502 Glaucoma 670

Glomerular filtration 466, 469 Glomerulonephritis

acute see Acute glomerulonephritis chronic 483

crescentic 483 poststreptococcal 484

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 339

drugs that cause oxidant stress in 339 Glycogen storage diseases 325, 656

enzymatic deficiencies in 657 GM] gangliosidoses 662

GM2 gangliosidoses 583, 662 Goiter 518

causes of 519 endemic 519

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 634 Growth hormone deficiency 511 Growth hormone excess 513

Growth assessment 11 brain 10 charts 13

consequences of impaired 9 disorders of 35

factors affecting 7 monitoring 14, 35 skeletal 11 velocity 10, 14

Guillain-Barre syndrome 590

Habit disorders 59 Hand-foot-mouth disease 219 Hand regard 49

Hantavirus 239

Head circumference 12, 19, 27 Head tilt chin lift 711

Health programs 3 Hearing loss 362 causes 362, 363

neonata! screening 363 screening in older children 363 treatment 363

Heel prick (capillary blood) 730 Height 12, 13

for age, boys 16, 21, 29 for age, girls 16, 20, 29

S(f9 Essential Pediatrics

IMNCI,see Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness

Impetigo 688

Inactivated polio vaccine 192 Inborn errors of metabolism 647

acute presentation 647 adjunctive therapy 650 biochemical autopsy 648

chronic and progressive presentation 650 classification 647,648

differential diagnosis 649 evaluation 648,649,650,651 management 648,651

Increased intracranial tension 570 Infant of diabetic mother 181,182 Infant mortality rate 2

Infantile spasms 559

Infantile tremor syndrome 580 clinical features 581 differential diagnosis 581 treatment 581

Infectious mononucleosis 215,367 clinical features 215

diagnosis 216

Infective endocarditis 411,443 antibiotic prophylaxis 446 clinical features 444 complications 445 diagnosis 445

treatment 445,446 Inflammatory bowel disease 304

clinicaI features 304 treatment 305

Inflammatory granuloma 572 Influenza

clinical features 238 prevention 201, 239 vaccine 201

Injuries 704 prevention 706

Inotropic agents 718,747 Insulin therapy 543

Integrated Child Development Services Program 109

Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness 751-766

International normalized ratio 309 Interstitial nephritis 483 Intestinal failure 308

Intestinal lymphangiectasia 303 lntracranial space occupying lesions 570 Intraosseous infusion 731

Intrauterine growth curves 137 Intrauterine growth retardation 2,155 lntussusception 287

Iodine deficiency 122 classification of severity 520 disorders 123,519 prevention 520

Iron deficiency anemia evaluations 334 investigation 332,334 treatment 334

Iron intoxication 702

Japanese B encephalitis vaccine 201 Jaundice 172,311

approach to neonate 173

breast milk 173 causes in children 312

causes in neonates 173,174 management 173 prolonged 174

Juvenile delinquency 62

Juvenile dermatomyositis 598,629 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 625,628

complications 628 investigations 626 subtypes 626 treatment 626

Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) 266

clinical features 267 diagnosis 267

HIV co-infection 288 prevention 268 treatment 267

Karyotype 636

Kangaroo mother care 148 jacket 149

procedure 149 Kawasaki disease 631 Klinefelter syndrome 640 Kwashiorkor 99

Langerhans cell histiocytosis 620 Laryngeal granuloma 369 Laryngitis 376

Laryngomalacia 369 Laryngotracheal cleft 370 Laryngotracheobronchitis,

see Croup 368,376 Learning disabilities 60 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 625 Leishmaniasis

post kala-azar dermal 267 visceral,see Kala-azar

Length 11,13 for age 20,21

Lentigines 686 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 559 Leprosy 690

Leptospirosis 246 Leukemia 599

see also Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia

Leukocyte adhesion defect 358 Leukocytosis 357

Leukopenia 357 Lichen planus 685

Limb girdle muscular dystrophies 597 Liver abscess 310

Liver biopsy 310,737 Liver failure 313

acute 313,314 causes of acute 314

chronic,see Chronic liver disease clinical features 314 investigations 315

management 314 Liver,tumors 318,620 Liver transplantation 329 Loeffler syndrome 380 Low birthweight 124

care of 155 extremely 125

feeding of 158

growth monitoring 161 Lowe syndrome 500

Lower respiratory tract infections 3, Lumbar puncture 549,732

Lung abscess 391 Lupus nephritis 476 Lupus vulgaris 689 Lymphocytosis 357,358

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis 23'.: Lymphoma 608

Hodgkin 608 non-Hodgkin 611

Lymphopenia 358

Lysosomal storage disorders 659

Macrocephaly 39

Macroglossia 366

Macronutrients 88

Magnesium 82,121 physiology 82

Maintenance fluid requirements 71,72 Malaria 260

cerebral 261,266 clinical patterns 261 control 265 diagnosis 262

differential diagnosis 263 epidemiology 260,261 severe 262

treatment of complications 266 treatment of severe malaria 263,264 treatment of uncomplicated

malaria 263

Malnutrition,see Undernutrition 96 age independent indices 97 assessment 100

classification 108 clinical features 98 criteria for discharge 107 mild 98,100

moderate to severe 98,102 pathological features 98,99 prevention of 108

severe acute 97,100,102 Malrotation 288

Mannan binding lectin deficiency 187 Mantoux test 254

false positive and false negative 254 Maple syrup urine disease 652 Marasmus 99

Maternal serum screening 646 Maternal to child transmission of HIV,

prevention of 235 Measles 213

clinical features 213 complications 213 diagnosis 213 prevention 213 vaccine,measles 195

vaccine,measles mumps rubella 195 Measles mumps rubella vaccine 195 Mechanical ventilation 719

adjustment of setting 720 assisted 719

indications 719,720 modes 719 weaning from 720

Meconium aspiration syndrome 170 Meconium stained liquor 128 Mediastinal syndrome 622 Megaloblastic anemia 335

clinical manifestations 336 differential diagnosis 336 drugs causing 335 etiology 335, 336 laboratory evaluation 336

Membranoproliferative (mesangiocapillary) glomerulonephritis 477

Meningococcal vaccine 202 Meningitis, acute bacterial 563

clinical features 563 complications 564 diagnosis 564 differential diagnosis 565 epidemiology 563

prevention by vaccine 202 treatment 565

Meningitis, tubercular, see Tubercular meningitis

Mental retardation 584 clinical features 585 etiology 584, 585 grades 584 predisposing factors 585 prevention 585

Mesangial proliferative glomerulo­ nephritis 477

Metabolic acidosis 85 causes of 85 clinical features 85 treatment 85

Metabolic alkalosis 86 causes 86

clinical features 86 treatment 86

Metabolic liver disease 324 Metachromatic leukodystrophy 584, 662 Metered dose inhaler 388 MicrocephaJy 40

Micrognathia 366 Micronutrients 110, 749

deficiency in severe malnutrition 105 Micropenis 540

Micturating cystourethrogram 470 Mid-arm circumference 12, 97 Mid parental height 35

Miliaria 683

Millennium development goals 2 Minerals 121

Mitochondrial disorders 658 diagnosis 659

treatment 659 Mitochondrial inheritance 644 Mitra! regurgitation 438

clinical features 439 differential diagnosis 439 hemodynamics 438 treatment

Mitra] stenosis, rheumatic 440 assessment of severity 441 clinical features 441

differential diagnosis 441 hemodynamics 440 treatment 441

Mixed connective tissue disease 630 Molluscum contagiosum 691 Mongolian spot 679

Monocytosis 357 Moro reflex 143 Mortality rate 2 early neonatal 3

infant 3 neonatal 3 under five 3

Mucopolysaccharidoses 584, 659 clinical features of 661

Mucormycosis 260

Multicenter growth reference study 14, 56 MuJticystic dysplastic kidney 505 Mumps 217

clinical features 217 diagnosis 217 epidemiology 217 prevention 217 vaccine 195

Murmur diastolic 406

grade III or more, systolic 406 less than grade lll, systolic 406

Munchausen by proxy 61 Myasthenia gravis 593

congenital 594 treatment 594, 740

Muscle dystrophies 595 congenital 597 facioscapulohumeral 597 limb girdle 597

Muscle weakness 588, 589

Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis 258 Myocarditis 447

Myopathies congenjtal 594 inflammatory 598 metabolic 598

Myotonic dystrophy 596 Myxedema 181

Nadas' criteria 406 Nail biting 59

Nasal obstruction 365 causes 365 diagnosis 365 treatment 365

Nasogastric tube insertion 728 Nasolacrimal duct, blocked 162 National immunization days 192 National Program 3, 769

of Immunization 206 of Mid day meals 109

of Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis 109 Revised National Tuberculosis

Control 257

Vector borne disease control 265 National Rural Health Mission 2-4 Nebulizer 389

Necrotizing enterocolitis 165 Neonatal

death, causes of 124

examination 135, 136, 138

fluid and electrolyte management 146 mortality rate 125

reflexes 152 resuscitation 125 sepsis 163

Neonatal cholestasis 327 clinical features 327 diagnosis 327 etiology 327 management 328

specific management in 328, 329 Neonatal sepsis 163

Neonate

followup of high-risk 178 infections 162

post-term 124 preterm 124 term 124 transport of 178

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 501 Nephrocalcinosis, see Nephrolithjasis Nephrolithiasis 502

cystinuria 503

endemic vesical calculi 503 evaluation 502

idiopathic hypercalciuria 502 management 504

primary hyperoxaluria 503 Nephronophthisis medullary cystic disease

complex 509 Nephrotic syndrome 477

clirucal features 47 congenital 482 steroid resistant 481 steroid sensitive 477

Nerve conduction study 591 Net protein utilization 89 Neural tube defects 575

clinical features 575 etiology 575 management 576 prevention 645 prognosis 576

Neuroblastoma 616 clinical features 616 diagnosis 617 genetics 616

occult 580 staging 616 treatment 617

Neurocutaneous syndromes 586 Neurocysticercosis 572 Neurofibromatosis 586 Neuroirnaging 551

Neuromuscular blocking drugs 721 Neuromuscular disorders 587

approach to evaluation 587 Neuropathy, hereditary 590 Neutropenia 357 Neutrophilia 357

Nevi 679 epidermal 679 melanocyte 679

Newborn anthropometry 137

care beyond few hours of birth 134 care in the initial few hours 133 screening 645

Niacin (vitamin 83) 118 deficiency 118

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 611 clinical presentation 611 diagnosis 611 epidemiology 611 management 612

St. Jude staging system 612 Non-ketotic hyperosmolar state 547 Nosocomial infections in PICU 721

strategies to prevent 723 Nutrient daily requirement 89 Nutrition 88

in critically ill children 720 failure 317

Nutritional recovery syndrome 108 Nutritive value of common food

items 92

Obesity 528 complications 529 constitutional 529 evaluation 529 management 530

Obstructive lesions, cardiac 429 obstructive sleep apnea 367 Obstructive uropathy 506 Oliguria 468

Omphalitis 162

Oncologic emergencies 622 presentation and treatment of 622

Oppositional defiant disorder 62 Optic neuritis 668

Oral polio vaccine 191

Oral rehydration solution 294 Oral thrush 162

Organic acidurias 655 Organophosphorus poisoning 701 ORS,see Oral rehydration solution Ortolani's sign 141

Osmolality 71,467 Osteogenic sarcoma 619 Otitis externa 362 Otitis media 359

acute 359

chronic suppurative 360 complications 361

Otomycosis 362

Otoscopy 360 Oxytocin reflex 151

Palmoplantar kerotoderma 675 Pancreatitis

acute 289 chronic 289 Pancytopenia 347

Pantothenic acid 120 Paracentesis,abdominal 734 Paracetamol poisoning 700 Paraplegia 578

causes 578 flaccid 578 management 579

pseudoparalysis 578 spastic 578

Parotitis, viral 370

Patent ductus arteriosus 417 assessment of severity 419 clinical features 417 complications 419 treatment 419

Pediatric advanced life support 710, 712 Pediatric basic life support 710 Pediculosis 694

Pellagra 118

Pelviureteric junction obstruction 506 Pemphigus vulgaris 655

Penicillins 741 Peptic ulcer 288

Pericardia! diseases 450 Pericarditis

Perinatal mortality ratio 125 Peripheral neuropathies 589

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn 170, 456

Peritoneal dialysis 734 chronic 497

Peritonsillar abscess 367 Peroxisomal disorders 663 Persistent diarrhea 297

clinical features 297 diets 298 etiopathogenesis 297 management 297 monitoring 299

Pertussis 243 complications 243 diagnosis 242 epidemiology 242 management 243 vaccines 193, 194

Pervasive developmental disorders 61 Pharyngeal injury 367

Pharyngitis 366

Pharyngotonsillitis, acute bacterial 367 Phenylketonuria 652 Pheochromocytoma 525 Phototherapy 174,175

Pica 58

Pediatric intensive care 708 assessment and monitoring 708 indications for admission 708

Pityriasis alba 695 Pityriasis rosea 685 Pityriasis versicolor 694 Pivoting 48

Platelet function,qualitative disorders 349 Pneumococcal infections 241

diagnosis 241 treatment 241 vaccine 199 Pneumonia 577

aliphatic hydrocarbons 380 atypical,primary 379

Chlamydia pneumoniae 385 clinical features 377 gram-negative organisms 380 etiology 377

neonatal 171 pneumococcal 377 staphylococcal 378 streptococcal 379

viral 380

WHO clinical classification 380,381 Pneumothorax 171

Poisoning 696, also see Individual poisons/ toxins

approach to suspected poisoning 697 clinical clues 697

diagnosis 696,697 indications of dialysis 700 laboratory evaluation 697 management 697

Polycystic kidney disease 507, 509 autosomal dominant 507 autosomal recessive 507 glomerulocystic kidney disease 508

Poliomyelitis

clinical features 218 diagnosis 219 differential diagnosis 219 eradication 219 prevention 191,192,219

vaccine, inactivated (IPV) 192 vaccine,oral (OPV) 191

Polyarteritis nodosa 632 Polygenic inheritance 644 Polyuria 468

causes 514

differential diagnosis of 514 evaluation 515 management 515

Pompe disease 657, 658 Portal hypertension 319

causes 319 complications 320 investigations 319 management 320

Positive pressure ventilation (see also Mechanical ventilation) 129, 720

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 474 clinical features 474

laboratory features 474 management 474 outcome 474 pathology 474

Potassium 76 Prenatal diagnosis 645

invasive testing 646

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), see Malnutrition

Protein 88 quality 88 requirements 89

Proteinuria 473

conditions that present with 473 quantification of 473

Pseudotumor cerebri 108, 575 Psoriasis 684

Puberty 63,531

delayed puberty in boys 535 delayed puberty in girls 534 precocious puberty in boys 533 precocious puberty in girls 531

Pulmonary arterial hypertension 410, 456 clinical manifestations 456 management 457

persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn 456

prognosis 457

Pulmonary function tests 373 Pulrnonic stenosis 433

clinical features 433 treatment 433

with intact ventricular septum 433 Pulse polio immunization 192 Pyoderma 687

Pyridoxine 118

QRS, normal 459

Quadriplegia, see Paraplegia

Rabies

immunization 203, 209 post-exposure prophylaxis 203 vaccines 202

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, see Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Rash 212 macular 212 nodular 212 petechial 212 urticaria! 212 vesicular 212

RDA, see Recommended dietary allowances Ready to use therapeutic food 107 Recommended dietary allowances 89, 90 Red blood cell indices, normal 332

Red cell glycolysis, abnormalities in 339 Reflux nephropathy 486

Refractive errors 469 Refractory rickets 114 Refsum disease 580 Renal biopsy 738

Renal replacement therapy 497 Renal transplantation 497 Renal tubular acidosis 498

distal (type 1) 498 Fanconi syndrome 499 hyperkalemic (type 4) 497 inherited forms 498 investigations 499 proximal (type 2) 499

Respiratory acidosis 87 causes 87

Respiratory alkalosis 87 causes 87

Respiratory distress non-pulmonary causes 169 pulmonary causes 168 syndrome 169

Restrictive cardiomyopathy 448 Resuscitation of newborn 125

algorithm 127 Apgar scores 126

evaluation 126, 129, 131 initial steps 128 medications 132

Reticulocyte count 332 Retinoblastoma 614, 668 clinical features 615

diagnosis 615 genetics 616 treatment 615

Retinopathy of prematurity 666 Retropharyngeal abscess 368 Reye syndrome 569

Rheumatic fever 433, 443, 435 aortic regurgitation 441 aortic stenosis 429

arthritis 435 carditis 434 clinical features 434

erythema marginatum 436 etiopathogenesis 434 mitral regurgitation 438 mitral stenosis 440 prevention 438

revised Jones criteria 435, 437 secondary prophylaxis 438 Sydenham chorea 436 treatment 437

tricuspid regurgitation 442 Rhinitis 363

allergic 363 viral 364

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia 663 Riboflavin 117

Rickets 113 evaluation 113

familial hypophosphatemic 114 nutritional 113

refractory 114

vitamin D deficiency 113 vitamin D dependent rickets 115

Rickettsial infections 248 clinical features 248 prevention 250 treatment 249

Rights of children 768

role of the pediatrician 769 Ringworm 692

Rooting 152

Roseola infantum 216 Rotahaler 388 Rotavirus vaccine 198 Roundworm 274

RTA, see Renal tubular acidosis Rubella

congenital 272

vaccine, mumps measles 195

Sarcoma, soft tissue 618

Scabies 694

Scalp vein catheterization 729 Scleroderma 630

Scorpion sting 703 Scrofuloderma 689 Scurvy 120

Seborrheic dermatitis 682 Second heard sound 406, 407

Sedation, analgesia and paralysis 721 common indication medications 722, 149 commonly drugs used for 722

Seizures 552 absence attacks 558 anticonvulsants 554 cause 553

grand ma! 557 myoclonic 559 neonatal 558 partial 558

Sepsis, neonatal see Neonatal sepsis Septic shock, management 718

Severe combined immunodeficiency 185

Severe acute malnutrition 97 assessment 100

management (see Malnutrition) 101 Sexual differentiation, disorders of 537 Sexual maturity rating 36, 64

Sexually transmitted infections 65, 66 Shakir type 97

Shock 715 septic 718 monitoring 716

treatment 716, 717 Short stature 35, 511, 513

causes 35 constitutional 37 differential diagnosis 36 evaluation 35, 37, 512 familial 36 management 513

Sialoadenitis, bacterial parotid 370 Sickle cell anemia 344

crises 345 infections 344 management 345

laboratory studies 345 preventive care 345 Single kidney 505

Single ventricle 405 Sinusitis 364, 672 Skin fold thickness 97 Snake bite 703

Social smile 52 Sodium

deficit 74 physiology 73

regulation of balance 72 Sore throat 366

recurrent 375 Sphingolipidoses 661 Spinal cord compression 622 Spinal muscular atrophy 588 Splenomegaly 310

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 319 Standard deviation score 96 Staphylococcal infections 240 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 688 Status epileptics 555

evaluation 553 management 554

Stem cell transplantation, see Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome 481 agents for management 482

Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome 477 clinical features 477

complications 480 frequent relapses 479 laboratory findings 477 parent education 479 steroid dependence 479 therapy 480

Stevens-Johnson syndrome 687 Still-birth 124

Stomatitis 366

Strabismus 669

Stridor 368, 372 acute 372 chronic 373

Stunting 95

Sturge-Weber syndrome 586 Stuttering 61

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 584 Subdural effusion 573

Subglottic stenosis 369

Superior vena cava syndrome 622 Swallowing reflex 153

Sweat chloride test 374 Sydenham chorea 579

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion 73

Syphilis congenjtal 273 maternal 182

Systemic lupus erythematosus 628 ACR criteria for 628

diagnosis 628

renal involvement 476 serology 629 treatment 629

Tachyarrhythmias, see Arrhythmia Takayasu arteritis 631

Tapeworm 276

Target height 35, 37, 38 Tay-Sachs disease 583 Teeth, eruption of 11 Temper tantrums 58 Temperature, body

measurement of 144 disorders of 145

Teratogenic drugs 182 Tetanus

clinical features 247 immunoglobulin 195 neonatal 247 pathogenesis 247 prevention 194, 248 treatment 248 vaccine 194

Tetralogy of Fallot 420 clinical features 421 complications 422 diagnosis 422 treatment 422

TGA, see Transposition of great arteries Thalassemias 341

complications 342 intermedia 341 laboratory studies 341 major 341 management 342, 344 minor 341

variants 341 Thiamine 117 Thoracocentesis 113 Threadworm 274 Thrombocytopenia

cause of 349 idiopathic 351

neonatal alloimmune 352 Thrombosis 349 Thrombotic disorders 355

evaluation 356 management 356 recurrent thrombosis 356

Thumb sucking 59 Thyroid

assessment of function 516 disorders 516

Tinea capitis 692

corporis 693 Tonsillopharyngitis, acute 374

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 426

Toxidromes 697

Toxins, see also Poisoning 699 decrease absorption 698 enhancing elimination 699 laboratory identification 698 Toxoplasmosis, congenital 272

Trace elements 121 Tracheitis, bacterial 368 Tracheoesophageal fistula 176 Transfusions 723

blood 723 complications 725 cryoprecipitate 725 plasma 724 platelets 724

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy 186

Transient tachypnea of newborn 171 Transposition of great arteries/vessels 424

clinical features 425 corrected 426

Transtubular potassium gradient 77, 501 Tricuspid atresia 422

course 423 treatment 423

Tricuspid regurgitation 442 management 443

Triglycerides 89

Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) 639 Trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome) 639 Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia 276 TTKG, see TranstubuJar potassium gradient Tubercular meningitis 566

clinical manifestations 566 diagnosis 567

differential diagnosis 567 treatment 568

Tuberculin skin test 254 Tuberculosis 250

abdominal 305 clinical features 251 cutaneous 689

diagnostic algorithm 250 drug resistant 258 management of contact 257 maternal 182

pathology 251 treatment 256 vaccine 190

Tuberous sclerosis 586 Tubular diseases 497

investigations 464, 465, 470 presenting features 497 renal tubular acidosis 498

Tumor lysis syndrome 622 Tumors, brainstem 571 Turner syndrome 536, 640

clinical features 640 management 641

Tympanostomy 360

Typhoid vaccine, see Enteric fever 197 Tyrosinemia, hepatorenal 652

Ulcerative colitis 304

Umbilical vessel catheterization 730 Undescended tests 540 Undernutrition, see Malnutrition 95

classification 96, 97 epidemiology 95 indicators of 95

Underweight 95

Universal Jmrnunization Program 205 Upper respiratory infections 374 Urea cycle defects 653

clinical features 654 diagnosis 654 management 654

Urinalysis 468 Urinary anion gap 85

Urinary tract infections 483 clinical features 483 diagnosis 484 evaluation 485

imaging studies 484 microbiology 483 predisposing factors 483 prevention of recurrent 485 treatment 484

Urolithiasis, see Nephrolithiasis Urticaria, papular 695

Vaccine associated paralytic polio­ myelitis 192

Vaccine, also see Individual infec- tions 190, 203

combination 203 effectiveness 189 failure 189 killed 190

live 189

protective efficacy 189 storage 205

toxoid 190 Variceal bleeding 306

Varicella (chickenpox) 214 clinical features 214 complications 214 diagnosis 214 treatment 214

vaccine 197

Varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) 197, 208

Vascular access 713 intraosseous 713 intravenous 713 Vascular ring 369

Vasculitides 631

Venous catheterization 728, 729 Ventilation

bag and mask 129 corrective steps 130 positive pressure 129 Ventral suspension 45

Ventricular septa! defect 414