952

ности.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: Mendeleyev also experimented with agricultural production based on scientific principles, increasing its efficiency to such an extent that his methods came to be applied in many Russian industries.

АThe author starts by telling the reader about… B Finally, the author suggests…

C The author summarize that...

D In conclusion the author says that…

4.Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: The author mentions, that…

АThe Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleyev is regarded as the father of the periodic table of chemical elements.

B All of these have now been isolated and named; one, mendelevium, is named for Mendeleyev.

C He also predicted the discovery and properties of new elements. D He studied all the elements known at the time and discovered that

they showed a regular repetition of properties when arranged in a certain order.

Text 23. Marie Curie

Polish-born physicist Marie Curie and her French husband Pierre are famous for their work on radioactivity. They were inspired by the work of the French physicist Henri Becquerel (1852 – 1908). Marie Curie was the first to use the term "radioactive" for substances that have considerable electromagnetic activity. She also isolated two new radioactive elements, polonium and radium. After Pierre's death, she took over his job as professor of physics at the University of Paris, the first woman to teach there. She continued her research, looking for medical uses for radioactivity. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911.

1. Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.

AMarie Curie and her husband Pierre were inspired by the work of Henri Becquerel.

BMarie Curie and her husband Pierre isolated polonium and ra-

41

dium.

CMarie Curie was the first woman-professor in the world.

DMarie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize.

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: She continued her research, looking for medical uses for radioactivity.

А The author warns that…

B The author takes into account… C He calls attention to the fact that… D The author applies for…

4. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: The author emphasizes the fact that…

А Marie Curie was the first to use the term "radioactive" for substances that have considerable electromagnetic activity.

42

B After Pierre's death, she took over his job as professor of physics at the University of Paris, the first woman to teach there.

C She also isolated two new radioactive elements, polonium and ra-

dium.

D She was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911.

Text 24. Galileo Galilei

The work of Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (known as Galileo) revolutionized astronomy. Galileo developed the telescope and made important discoveries about the planets and the sun. His observations confirmed the work of the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543) who believed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. This finding went against the Church's teaching that the Earth is the center of the universe, and the Church punished Galileo. Galileo suggested the use of the pendulum in clocks and also discovered an important principle about gravity that the rate at which an object falls is not related to its weight.

1.Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

A Galileo observations were important.

B Galileo discovered that the rate at which an object falls is related to its weight.

C Galileo suggested teaching an important principle about gravity at schools.

D Galileo discovered that the rate at which an object falls is unrelated to its weight.

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: Galileo suggested the use of the pendulum in clocks and also discovered an important principle about gravity that the rate at which an object falls is not related to its weight.

АIn the last part the author describes… B He illustrates his theory with…

C The main idea of the article is…

D At the beginning of the novel the author describes …

4.Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования:

АGalileo developed the telescope and made important discoveries about the planets and the sun.

B The Church punished Galileo.

C Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun.

D The work of Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (known as Galileo) revolutionized astronomy.

Text 25. Archimedes

The Greek mathematician Archimedes was the father of geometry. He discovered the value of π, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Pi is used to calculate the volume of cylinders and spheres. Archimedes then looked for ways of measuring the volume and mass of irregular objects. Eventually, he discovered the principle of displacement: that an object put wholly or partly into water loses weight equal to the weight to water it displaces. One method of lifting water is known as

44

the Archimedes' screw because it is thought that he invented it.

1.Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.

A Pi is used to calculate the volume of cylinders and spheres. B Pi is used to calculate the mass of cylinders and spheres.

C Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

D An object put wholly or partly into water loses weight equal to the weight to water it displaces.

2.Составьте второе предложение с предложенным словом таким образом, чтобы оно имело тот же смысл, что и первое предложение.

1.The Greek mathematician Archimedes was the father of geometry.

called

The Greek mathematician Archimedes ………………… the father of geometry.

2.Archimedes looked for ways of measuring the volume and mass of irregular objects.

were

Ways of measuring the volume and mass of irregular objects ……. by Archimedes.

3.One method of lifting water is known as the Archimedes' screw.

of

The Archimedes' screw is an ancient type ………………………..

device.

3.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

4. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: An object put wholly or partly into water loses weight equal to the weight to water it displaces.

АBesides that in the article we may find information about… B The phenomenon of displacement is that…

C The writer attracts our attention to the main idea, theme, events… D In addition to his analyses, results the author tells us about…..

5.Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: In summing up the author tells us…

АArchimedes was the father of geometry.

B He discovered the value of π.

C Archimedes then looked for ways of measuring the volume and mass of irregular objects.

D He discovered the principle of displacement.

Text 26. Reptiles

Reptiles are vertebrates that have successfully adapted to life on land. They have a scaly skin to avoid drying out and have well-developed lungs to breathe in air. Most reptiles lay eggs that have food and water in the waterproof shell. These characteristics enable them to survive in dry places. Reptiles are ectothermic, which means their body temperature varies with the surroundings. There are three main groups of reptiles: snakes and lizards, crocodiles and alligators, and turtles.

1. Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

AReptiles have a scaly skin to breathe in air.

BWell-developed lungs, a scaly skin and waterproof shells enable

46

reptiles to lay eggs.

CReptiles are cold-blooded.

DReptiles have successfully adapted to underwater life.

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: Reptiles are vertebrates that have successfully adapted to life on land.

А The author concerned with…

B The author provides much information on… C The author takes into account…

D The author explains….

4. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: The author provides much information on the classification of reptiles:

А They have a scaly skin to avoid drying out and have welldeveloped lungs to breathe in air.

B There are three main groups of reptiles: snakes and lizards, croco-

47

diles and alligators, and turtles.

C Most reptiles lay eggs that have food and water in the waterproof

shell.

D These characteristics enable them to survive in dry places.

Text 27. Movement

All living organisms move, although in plants the movement might not be obvious. Animals move to escape predators, to find food or a mate, or to avoid something unpleasant, for example. Movement usually involves muscles pulling on a skeleton. In some invertebrates, such as insects, the skeleton is outside the body. Mammals and other vertebrates have a skeleton inside the body, made of bones. A joint is where bones meet; joints give the skeleton flexibility.

1.Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.

A Animals move to avoid something unpleasant.

B In some invertebrates the skeleton is outside the body. C In some vertebrates the skeleton is inside the body. D All living organisms move through the plants.

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для

описания следующей мысли: A joint is where bones meet.

А The author determines the nature of...

B The author provides some examples of...

C The author thinks that…

D The paper suggests approaches to understanding...

48

4. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования:

А All living organisms move.

B Movement usually involves muscles pulling on a skeleton.

C In some invertebrates, such as insects, the skeleton is outside the

body.

D Joints give the skeleton flexibility.

Text 28. What is Evolution?

Evolution is a gradual change in living things that happens over a long time, often millions of years. Evolution happens because organisms compete for food, and mates. Although organisms may belong to the same species, they still have differences. Some give an organism a better chance of survival, and so these favorable characteristics can be passed on to its offspring. Other individuals without these characteristics might die before reproducing. This weeding-out process is called natural selection.

1.Составьте второе предложение с предложенным словом таким образом, чтобы оно имело тот же смысл, что и первое предложение.

1.Evolution is a gradual change in living things that happens over a long time.

known

Evolution …………..a gradual change in living things that happens over a long time.

2.Evolution happens because organisms compete for food and ma-

tes. due

Evolution happens ………………….…… organisms for food, and mates.

3.Natural selection is the process when an organism has a better chance of survival but another one dies before reproducing.

called

A process resulting in the survival of those individuals from a population of animals or plants that are best adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions…………….

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

49

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: Evolution is a gradual change in living things that happens over a long time, often millions of years.

АThe author discusses the phenomenon of...

B The author provides some examples of...

C We can make a conclusion that… D In conclusion I can say…

4.Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: Most scientists think that…

АEvolution happens because organisms compete for food, and ma-

tes.

B Although organisms may belong to the same species, they still have differences.

C This weeding-out process is called natural selection.

D Other individuals without these characteristics might die before reproducing.

50