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5. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: The sun, at the center of the solar system, is just one of about 100 billion stars in our galaxy, or collection of stars, called the Milky Way.

АThe book under review covers such points as...

B One of the most interesting question is that… C The theory belongs to…

D The author emphasizes the fact that…

6.Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: The author determines the nature of...

АThey also think that the universe is expanding.

B Stars are massive, energy-filled globes of fiery gases.

C At a star's core, atoms of hydrogen join together to form helium in a process called nuclear fusion.

D The young universe began to expand rapidly and, within minutes, tiny particles of matter formed.

Text 16. The solar system

The sun and the eight planets in orbit around it make up the solar system. The eight planets, which are drawn to the sun by its gravity, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The sun is the heaviest of these bodies. The Earth is one of eight planets that travel around the sun in the solar system. Of these planets, the Earth is the third nearest the sun. It is the only planet known to support life. About 5 billion years ago, a cloud of gas and dust began to condense into a solid mass – the young Earth. At first, this mass was very cold, but later it was melted by radioactivity. Heavy metals collected at the center and rocks floated near the surface. After millions of years, the rocks formed a hard crust and the oceans and the atmosphere appeared.

1. Продолжите предложение: The solar system is…

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A Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Nep-

tune.

Bthe sun and the eight planets in orbit around it.

Cthe sun and the moon.

Dthe sun, the eight planets and Earth satellites.

2.Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

AThe sun travels around the Earth in the solar system.

BThe Earth was born as a cloud of cold gas and dust.

CThe planets are drawn to the sun by its gravity.

DRocks were melted by radioactivity.

3.Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.

AThe sun is the heaviest body in the solar system.

BThe Earth is the only planet known to support life.

CThe Earth appeared about 5 billion years ago.

DThe eight planets are drawn to each other by gravity.

4.Дополните таблицу по памяти:

floated near the surface. лись в центре, а породы всплыли на поверхность.

5. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: The Earth is one of eight planets that travel around the sun in the solar system.

АIn examining the problem the author points out that… B It’s necessary to note that…

C The author emphasizes the fact that… D Further the author says…

6.Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: Besides that in the article we may find information about…

АThe sun is the heaviest of these bodies.

B About 5 billion years ago, a cloud of gas and dust began to condense into a solid mass – the young Earth.

C The sun and the eight planets in orbit around it make up the solar system.

D Heavy metals collected at the center and rocks floated near the surface.

Text 17. Biosphere

The part of the Earth and its atmosphere that can support living organisms is called the biosphere. This consists of the air and land, as well as lakes, rivers, and oceans. Organisms usually live alongside other members of the same species to form a population. Lots of different populations share the same habitat. Together, they all form a community. The members of a community constantly react with one another and their environment, creating a balanced, living system called an ecosystem, such as an ocean or a rain forest. The study of all these interactions is called ecology.

1. Продолжите предложение: The biosphere is…

Athe part of the Earth and its atmosphere that can support living or-

ganisms.

Bthe part of population of some species.

Cthe part of the Earth and its ecosystem that can support living or-

ganisms.

Dthe part of the Earth.

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2. Дополните таблицу по памяти.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: The part of the Earth and its atmosphere that can support living organisms is called the biosphere.

А The introduction is to tell us that…. B The main idea of the article is…

C The aim of the article is to provide the reader with some material

on…

D At the beginning of the novel the author describes…

4. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: Lots of different populations share the same habitat.

А The writer attracts our attention to the main idea… B In addition to his analyses the author tells us about….. C The author gives us some information about…

D In examining the problem the author points out that…

Text 18. Human influences

Of all species, humans have the greatest effect on the environment. Some of our activities threaten the world's habitats and therefore the Earth's biodiversity (its range of plants and animals). The balance of nature

34

is upset by activities such as overfishing, overhunting, and cutting down too many trees. We also damage the environment by polluting the land, the air, and oceans, rivers, and lakes. One of the causes of over-activity is the sheer number of people in the world. This number is rising.

1.Продолжите предложение: According to the passage, the human influence is…

A overfishing and overhunting. B overfishing.

C the effect on the environment. D sheer number of people.

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: The balance of nature is upset by activities such as overfishing, overhunting, and cutting down too many trees.

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АThe author discusses the phenomenon of...

B He examines why…

C The author emphasizes the fact that…

D A bit later the author devotes some attention to…

4.Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: In the opinion of the author…

АWe also damage the environment by polluting the land, the air, and oceans, rivers, and lakes.

B Of all species, humans have the greatest effect on the environment. C One of the causes of over-activity is the sheer number of people in

the world.

D The balance of nature is upset by activities such as overfishing, overhunting, and cutting down too many trees.

Text 19. The earth’s cycles

Life on Earth depends on a number of different cycles. The energy flow starts when light energy is trapped by green plants when they make their own food by photosynthesis. For this reason they are called the world's producers. The energy in plants is passed on when they are eaten by herbivores, which are the primary (first-level) consumers. Carnivores, the secondary consumers, obtain their energy by eating herbivores. Every time energy is passed on, some is lost as heat and in undigested matter. Dead organisms provide energy for the decomposers (fungi and bacteria).

1.Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

A The energy flow starts when green plants make their own food by photosynthesis.

B Herbivores are called the world's producers.

C The primary consumers obtain their energy by eating the secondary consumers.

D Dead organisms are called decomposers.

2.Сопоставьте перевод предложений из текста с полученным вами. Где необходимо, уточните перевод.

По этой причине их называют мировыми производителями. Энергия растений передается дальше, когда их поедают траво-

ядные, которые являются первичными (первого уровня) потребителя-

36

ми.

Всякий раз при передаче энергии некоторая ее часть теряется в виде тепла и непереваренных веществ.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: The energy flow starts when light energy is trapped by green plants when they make their own food by photosynthesis.

А Further the author says that..

B One of the most interesting question is… C The author provides much information on…

D The author gives us some information about…

4. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: The author starts by telling the reader about…

А Life on Earth depends on a number of different cycles.

B Dead organisms provide energy for the decomposers (fungi and bacteria).

C The energy in plants is passed on when they are eaten by herbivores, which are the primary (first-level) consumers.

D Carnivores, the secondary consumers, obtain their energy by eating herbivores.

Text 20. Our planet the Earth

Our planet, the Earth, is the home of hundreds of thousands of living creatures. Life has permeated everywhere. It has ascended to the tops of the highest mountains, where there is hardly any air, and has hidden beneath the expanses of the oceans, reconciling itself to the tremendous pressures exerted by the waters. Life has come to the hot, arid deserts and to the eternal ice of the Arctic. Living creatures have adapted themselves to an absence of oxygen, to everlasting gloom, and to unbroken silence. But, wherever living organisms have settled, they need food which has to be distributed throughout their bodies, and they have to carry out the processes of metabolism. They also need to feel at home in their environment and start families to ensure the survival of the species.

1. Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.

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ALife has ascended to the tops of the highest mountains.

BLife has come to the deserts and to the Arctic.

CLiving organisms have adapted themselves to various conditions.

DLiving organisms can live even without food.

2. Переведите словосочетания и составьте с ними предложения:

проникла всюду; жаркие безводные пустыни и вечные льды арктических облас-

тей;

приспособилась к отсутствию кислорода; находить пищу, распределять ее по всему телу, осуществлять

обмен веществ, уметь ориентироваться в привычной для них обстановке и обзаводиться потомством.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: Our planet, the Earth, is the home of hundreds of thousands of living creatures.

А Everybody knows, that…

B The main idea of the article is… C The aim of the article is to explain...

D The writer attracts our attention to the main idea…

4. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: The author emphasizes the fact that…

А Life has permeated everywhere.

B Living creatures have adapted themselves to an absence of oxygen, to everlasting gloom, and to unbroken silence.

C Life has come to the hot, arid deserts and to the eternal ice of the Arctic.

D They also need to feel at home in their environment and start families to ensure the survival of the species.

Text 21. Nikola Tesla

The Croatian-born American inventor Nicola Tesla patented an elec- tricity-generating and distribution system that transmitted alternating current (AC). He developed and applied many other important ideas in the fields of electricity and radio. The Tesla coil, an induction coil he invented, is used in radio technology and operates at every high frequencies. Tesla

38

worked briefly for the American inventor Thomas Edison (1847-1931), but they fell out because they disagreed about the best form of electric current to use for large-scale supply. In the end, Tesla's alternating current system was favored over Edison's direct current (DC) system.

1.Продолжите предложение: According to the passage, Nicola Tesla invented…

A transmitted alternating current. B an induction coil.

C direct current system. D radio technology.

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.

3. Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: The Croatian-born American inventor Nicola Tesla patented an electricity-generating and distribution system that transmitted alternating current (AC).

А The author thinks that...

B The article is devoted to the problem of… C In summing up the author…

D At the beginning of the text the author describes smb…

4. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: The Tesla coil, an induction coil he invented, is used in radio technology and operates at every high frequencies.

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А Besides that in the article we may find information about… B The article is devoted to the problem of…

C The author gives us some information about… D The author starts by telling the reader about…

Text 22. Dmitry Mendeleyev

The Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleyev is regarded as the father of the periodic table of chemical elements. He studied all the elements known at the time and discovered that they showed a regular repetition of properties when arranged in a certain order. He also predicted the discovery and properties of new elements. All of these have now been isolated and named; one, mendelevium, is named for Mendeleyev. Mendeleyev also experimented with agricultural production based on scientific principles, increasing its efficiency to such an extent that his methods came to be applied in many Russian industries.

1.Продолжите предложение: According to the passage, Dmitry Mendeleyev…

A detected new chemical elements.

B arranged chemical elements in a certain order.

C increased the efficiency of agricultural production. D experimented with scientific principles.

2.Дополните таблицу по памяти.