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Раздел III. ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И НАУЧНОПОПУЛЯРНЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ АННОТИРОВАНИЯ

Общие задания к текстам:

1.Изучить фразы, используемые для аннотирования текста (даны ниже).

2.Прочитать и перевести текст.

3.Выделить главную мысль текста.

4.Выписать ключевые слова (не более 9), определить их конкретность/абстрактность.

5.Обозначить ключевые понятия текста конкретными лексемами, расположить понятия в схеме, отражающей их взаимосвязи.

6.Обозначить взаимосвязи понятий, связав их в рамках предложе-

ния.

7.Распределить полученные предложения по этапам аннотирования текста.

8.Дополнить предложения подходящими фразами для аннотирования.

9.Сделать вывод по тексту (вывод может представлять собой обобщение информации текста, следствия из обозначенных в тексте посылок или личное мнение, касающееся представленной информации – ее качеств: истинности/ложности, достаточности/недостаточности, достоверности, логичности; в том числе и обозначение возможной сферы применения данной информации).

Фразы для аннотирования текста

Задание: изучите данные ниже фразы, дополните таблицу переводом.

1. Headline of the article (text), title of the newspaper or the magazine, date of publication, the author

The title (the headline) of the article Заголовок статьи… is… The article is entitled…

The chapter suggests some informa-

tion on...

The book (article) begins (opens) with a detailed examination of..

I have just read (3) a part of the story (the story, the passage of the text) written by…

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Образец аннотации

The article “To protect our Earth” was published in the journal “Science and religion” in 2006. It includes a rather interesting interview with professor Zaycev. He speaks about general capacity to create special defense from space objects. The author underlines that scientists are ready to create such kind of system. Acceding to our mind the most interesting part of this discussion is the structure of this system. It consists of three parts: the fist one – system of detecting and following the object; the second one

– system of control; and the third one – system of capture and destruction. The most important thing is that equipment has been already created and it is possible to build a system of space security right now. But there are some financial problems. In conclusion the author tells about importance of solution of this problem as soon as it possible because the Earth could be found in a danger any time.

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Тексты для анализа и аннотирования

Text 29. What is Stress?

(1)It is different things to different people. To a mountaineer it is the challenge of pushing physical resources to the limit by striving to achieve a demanding goal. To the homeward bound motorist it can be heavy traffic and exhaust fumes. To the student it can be exam pressure.

Take a piece of paper and write the word stress at the top. Now write down all the words and images that come to your mind as you think about this word.

Most people respond to the word stress in negative ways. They see it as a destructive force. However, not all stress is negative. The word eustress has been coined to describe positive stress. Eustress is the type of stress you are likely to experience when you inherit a large amount of money or receive an unexpected promotion or reward. Eustress is the stress of winning and achieving.

Negative stress is distress. It is the stress of losing, failing, overworking and not coping. Distress affects people in a negative often harmful manner. We all experience distress from time to time. It is a normal, unavoidable part of living.

(2)Stressors Cause Stress

Stress results from failure to adequately cope with stressors. Stressors could be loud noise, uncomfortable air-conditioning, debts, ringing telephones, broken relationships, unrealistic deadlines, discouragement, fear, pain and thousands of other things that impact upon us in the normal course of life.

It is impossible to avoid stressors. The only totally stress-free state is death! Stressors will always be there because we live in an imperfect and unpredictable world which is going to cause us to frequently get stressed. We experience stress as the body adjusts to the external demands placed upon it. Our body constantly seeks to maintain stability and stress is usually sensed as the body readjusts to too much pressure.

We need to assist our bodies to cope with being stressed because our natural biological stress-adjustors are not ideally suited to the demands of modern living. Our bodies are well suited to cope with the distressing events faced by our primitive ancestors. The stressors faced by humans conditioned to a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle are obviously different to the distressing lifestyle of today.

Our distant ancestors needed chemical responses that are inappropri-

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ate today. If you physically ran away from your workplace whenever things got on top of you then this would not enhance your standing in the Organisation. Conversely if you punch the boss on the nose when he/she gives you a tough time then the resulting dismissal and assault charges will generate considerably greater levels of distress. Consequently we need to develop special skills to deal with special stressors.

(3) The Consequences of Stress

One of the pioneers of stress research, Dr. Hans Selye wrote that "...stress is essentially reflected by the rate of all the wear and tear caused by life."

His research convinced him that the body has only a finite reserve of adaptation energy to apply to the stressors of life. Selye likened this reserve to a bank account upon which we can make withdrawals from time to time but into which we cannot make deposits. It is a non-renewable reserve of energy which we draw on throughout life until eventually it is consumed and death results.

Over a long period of time the stress response begins to take a toll on the body.

A weakened immune system makes us vulnerable to infection and this is why people under stress often experience regular attacks of colds and flu.

We can do ourselves a great deal of harm by stressful thinking. We can flood our body with stress hormones and this can create a vicious circle making us more and more stressful.

1.Продолжите предложение: According to the passage, stress is… A the reaction of our body to some stressors.

B a destructive force.

C a renewable reserve of energy. D stressful thinking.

2.Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

A Stress results when a person cannot adequately cope with stress-

ors.

B Our perfect world causes us to frequently get stressed.

C Nowadays we need chemical responses to deal with special stressors.

D People under stress never experience attacks of colds and flu as

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constant stress helps them to develop immunity.

3.Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.

A Eustress is the stress of winning and achieving.

B Distress is the stress of losing, failing, overworking and not cop-

ing.

C Distress is an unavoidable part of living. D It is easily to avoid stressors.

4.Ответьте на вопрос.

What is stress for you?

5.Укажите, в какой части текста (1, 2, 3) содержится ответ на вопрос.

How did our forefathers cope with stress?

6.Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3) соответствует следующая идея.

People have to know how to cope with stress as it is impossible to avoid it.

7.Какая из предложенных ниже моделей больше подходит для описания следующей мысли: "...stress is essentially reflected by the rate of all the wear and tear caused by life."

АIt’s pity; I don’t know the name of the author.

B I’d like to quote Dr. Hans Selye’s thought…

C The subject of the article is

D The author determines the nature of...

8. Какое из данных ниже предложений можно описать с помощью следующей модели аннотирования: Evaluating the situation the conclusion can be drawn that…

А We can do ourselves a great deal of harm by stressful thinking.

B A weakened immune system makes us vulnerable to infection and this is why people under stress often experience regular attacks of colds and flu.

C It is impossible to avoid stressors.

D Most people respond to the word stress in negative ways.

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