Word-Formation

Task 4. Look at the words and fill in the table:

word	prefix	base word	suffix
eventful	-	event-	-ful
expansion
higher
education
engineering
accountancy
successfully
postgraduate
government

Grammar Present perfect (I have done) – Настоящее перфектное время

Study the example: Ann can’t open the door. She has lost her key.

Present Perfect (настоящее перфектное время) образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола have в настоящем времени (have / has) и причастия II смыслового глагола. Причастие II правильных глаголов имеет окончание –ed: worked, played, cried, stopped и др. Причастие II неправильных глаголов – третья форма глагола: gone, done, lost, been, written и др.

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
I have lost… (I’ve lost)	I haven’t lost…	Have I lost…?
You have lost… (You’ve lost)	You haven’t lost…	Have you lost…?
He / She / It has lost… (He’s lost)	He / She / It hasn’t lost…	Has he / she / it lost…?
We have lost… (We’ve lost)	We haven’t lost…	Have we lost…?
They have lost… (They’ve lost)	They haven’t lost…	Have they lost…?

Present Perfect используется

• для обозначения только что произошедшего действия:

Ow! I’ve broken the plate!

The train has just arrived.

• для описания действия, произошедшего в прошлом, но результат которого актуален в настоящий момент:

‘Is Mike here?’ ‘No, he’s gone.’ (He is not here now)

He told me his phone number but I’ve forgotten it. (I can’t remember it now)

My parents haven’t come yet. (They are not at home now)

• когда мы говорим о периоде времени, начавшемся в прошлом и продолжающемся до настоящего момента:

He hasn’t eaten anything since breakfast.

My parents have lived in London for ten years. (They still live in London)

I’ve never eaten caviar. (In my life)

Ken has done different jobs (In his life).

Have you ever been to America?

Сравните использование Present Perfect и Past Simple:

Present Perfect	Past Simple
Ann has lost her key. She can’t open the door and get into the house. Ситуация актуальна в настоящий момент. У Энн нет ключа сейчас.	Ann lost her key yesterday. She couldn’t open the door and get into the house. Описывается ситуация в прошлом. Возможно, Энн уже нашла ключ.

See also Lesson 12.

Task 5. Read the situation and write sentences:

1. Jim is looking for his record book. He can’t find it. (lose one’s record book) He has lost his record book.

2. I am not going to the cinema with you. (see the film)

3. My friends are away on holidays. (go to England).

4. This is her first day at the ice-hockey match. (not be to ice-hockey matches)

5. It was raining two hours ago. It’s not raining now. (stop raining)

6. ‘Can I use your car?’ ‘I’m afraid you can’t. (break the car)

7. They came to Bristol five years ago. They still live there. (live in Bristol for five years)

8. This is my first cake. (not make cakes before)

Task 6. Ask questions about things your friend has done. Make questions from the words in brackets:

1. (ever / play / tennis?) Have you ever played tennis?

2. (always / live / in this city?)

3. (ever / speak / famous person?)

4. (ever / write / poems?)

5. (the most beautiful place / ever / visit)?

Task 7. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Я уже написал письмо, но еще не отправил его.

2. Я учусь на этом факультете уже 2 года.

3. Ты уже прочитал эту статью? – Нет, я только начал читать ее.

4. Мой брат никогда не слышал о Кембридже.

5. Почему ты еще не сдал экзамен?

6. Мы уже выбрали тему исследования.

7. Ты когда-нибудь был в Германии?

8. Стипендия выросла в два раза.