- •Практика чтения и письменной речи reading and writing aid
- •Preface
- •Texts for guided reading
- •Doreen pope
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Writing
- •Write an essay on the following topic: “What’s done to children, they will do to society” (k. Meuninger).
- •Education: doing bad and feeling good
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Writing
- •How to plan for happiness
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Paraphrase the following.
- •Match the following English and Russian proverbs.
- •Writing
- •Compress the information and a) make up an outline, b) write a précis of the text.
- •2. Expand on the following: “He is happy that thinks himself so.”
- •A news report
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Writing
- •Language and literature
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Writing
- •Thin end of the wedge
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Paraphrase the following.
- •Writing
- •How life imitates screen violence
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Writing
- •The domain of style
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Group the following words and word-combinations into
- •Writing
- •The open window
- •Reading
- •Define means of producing a humorous effect used in the text (deliberate exaggeration, unexpected comparison, words which do not belong in the situation, etc.).
- •Do you find the story entertaining? Say how it appeals to your sense of imagination?
- •If it were up to you how would you change the end of the story? word study
- •Writing
- •Angel pavement
- •Reading
- •Word study
- •Writing
- •Inflation and the transition to a market economy
- •Reading
- •1. Read the title and define the theme of the text.
- •2. Give the gist of the text.
- •3. Identify the type of writing the text belongs to (publicistic, scholarly writing, fiction).
- •Word Study
- •Writing
- •Up the down staircase
- •Reading
- •5. Comment on the cases of humour and irony in the following examples. Say how ironic or humour effect is achieved.
- •6. Comment on the message of the story. Is it criticism of the system of education or its appraisal? Prove your point of view.
- •Word Study
- •1. Match the two columns.
- •2. Fill in the blanks with words or their derivatives from exercise 1
- •Writing
- •Feminism and the School Teacher
- •Reading
- •1. Read the title and define the theme of the text.
- •2. Skim the text and define the type of writing it belongs to (fiction or non-fiction); give the gist in two or three sentences.
- •Word Study
- •Say this in Russian.
- •5. Use an English-English dictionary to differentiate between, to give illustrative contexts for the following.
- •Writing
- •1. Compress the information and
- •2. Write an essay on the gender problem in education.
- •A last will
- •Reading
- •1. Read the title of the text and see of you can define the theme of it.
- •2. Run over the text, define the type of writing it belongs to and give the gist in 2 or 3 sentences.
- •Word Study
- •Writing
- •Texts for non-guided reading
- •The complete plain words
- •In what ways cyber space differs from america The boundlessness of the Internet opens new horizons
- •I/We Gather Together
- •Is School Unfair to Girls?
- •Reading and writing techniques
- •Humour, Irony, Sarcasm
- •Keys to exercises
- •Reading and writing test
- •Contents
- •Reading and writing aid
I/We Gather Together
E. Goodman
Boston—Soon they will be together again, all the people who commute between their own lives and each other’s. The package tour of the season will lure them this week to the family table.
By Thursday, feast day, family day, Thanksgiving Day, Americans who value individualism like no other people will collect around a million tables in a ritual of belonging.
They will assemble their families the way they assemble dinner: each one bearing a personality as different as cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. For one dinner they will cook for each other, fuss for each other, feed each other and argue with each other.
They will nod at their common heritage, the craziness and caring of other generations. They will measure their common legacy … the children.
All these complex cells, these men and women, old and young, with different dreams and disappointments, will give homage again to the group they are part of and apart from: their family.
Families and individuals. The “we” and the “I”. As good Americans, we all travel between these two ideas.
We take value trips from the great American notion of individualism to the great American vision of family. We wear out our tires driving back and forth, using speed to shorten the distance between these two principles.
Well, there has always been some pavement between a person and a family. From the first moment we recognize that we are separate, we begin to wrestle with aloneness and togetherness.
Here and now these conflicts are especially acute. We are, after all, raised in families … to be individuals. This double message follows us through life.
We are taught about the freedom of “I” and the safety of the “we”. The loneliness of the “I” and the intrusiveness of the “we”.
We are taught what André Malraux said: “Without a family, man, alone in the world, trembles with cold.”
And taught what he said another day: “The denial of the supreme importance of the mind’s development accounts for many revolts against the family.”
In theory, the world rewards “the supreme importance” of the individual, the ego. We think alone, inside our heads. We write music and literature with an enlarged sense of self. We are graded and paid, hired and fired, on our own merit.
The rank individualism is both exciting and cruel. Here is where the fittest survive.
The family, on the other hand, at its best, works very differently. We don’t have to achieve to be accepted by our families. We just have to be. Our membership is not based on credentials nut on birth.
As Malraux put it: “A friend loves you for your intelligence, a mistress for your charm, but your family’s love is unreasoning: you were born into it and of its flesh and blood.” −
The family is formed not for survival of the fittest but for the weakest. It is not an economic unit but an emotional one. This is not the place where people ruthlessly compete with each other by where they work for each other.
Its business is taking care, and when it works, it is not callous but kind.
There fewer heroes, fewer stars in family life. While the world may glorify the self, the family asks us, at one time or another, to submerge it. While the world may abandon us, the family promises, at one time or another, to protect us.
So we commute daily, weekly, yearly between one world and another. Between life as a family member that can be nurturing or smothering. Between life as an individual that can free us or flatten us. We vacillate between two separate sets of demands and possibilities.
The people who will gather around this table Thursday live in both of these worlds, a part of and apart from each other. With any luck, the territory they travel from one to another can be a fertile one, rich with care and space. It can be a place where the “I” and the “we” interact.
On this day at least, they will bring to each other something both special and something to be shared: these separate selves.
Text 14
RAW MATERIAL
S. Maugham
I have long have in mind a novel in which a card-sharper was the principal character; and, going up and down the world, I have kept my eyes upon for members of this profession. Because the idea is prevalent that it is a slightly dishonourable one the persons who follow it do not openly acknowledge the fact. Their reticence is such that it is often not till you have become quite closely acquainted with them, or even have played cards with them two or three times, that you discover in what fashion they earn their living. But even then they have a disinclination to enlarge upon the mysteries of their craft. The have a weakness for passing themselves off for cavalrymen, commercial agents, or landed proprietors. This snobbish attitude makes them the most difficult class in the world for the novelist to study.
It may be imagined with what enthusiasm I made the acquaintance a little while ago of two gentlemen who seemed likely to add appreciably to my small store of information. I was travelling from Haiphong on a French liner going East, and they joined the ship at Hong-Kong. They had gone there for the races and were now on their way back to Shanghai. I was going there too, and thence to Peking. I soon learned that they had come from New York for a trip, were bound for Peking also, and by a happy coincidence meant to return to America in the ship in which I had myself booked a passage. I was naturally attracted to them, for they were pleasant fellows, but it was nit until a fellow-passenger warned me that they were professional gamblers that I settled down to complete enjoyment of their acquaintance. I had no hope that they would ever discuss with frankness their interesting occupation, but I expected from a hint here, from a casual remark there, to learn some very useful things.
One − Campbell was his name − was a man in the late thirties, small, but so well built as not to look short, slender, with large, melancholy eyes and beautiful hands. But for a premature baldness he would have been more than commonly good-looking. He was neatly dressed. He spoke slowly, in a low voice, and his movements were deliberate. The other was made on another pattern. He was a big, burly man with a red face and crisp black hair, of powerful appearance, strong in the arm and pugnacious. His name was Peterson.
The merits of the combination were obvious. The elegant, exquisite Campbell had the subtle brain, the knowledge of character, and the deft hands; but the hazards of the card-sharper’s life are many, and when it came to a scrap Peterson’s ready fist must often have proved invaluable. I do not know how it spread through the ship so quickly that a blow of Peterson’s would stretch any man out. But during the short voyage from Hong-Kong to Shanghai they never even suggested a game of cards. Perhaps they had done well during the race-week and felt entitled to a holiday. They were certainly enjoying the advantages of not living for the time in a dry country and I do not think I do them an injustice if I say that for the most part they were far from sober. Each one talked little of himself but willingly of the other. Campbell informed me that Peterson was one of the most distinguished mining engineers in New York and Peterson assured me that Campbell was an eminent banker. He said that his wealth was fabulous. And who was I not to accept ingenuously all that was told me? But I thought it negligent of Campbell not to wear jewelery of a more expensive character. It seemed to me that to use a silver cigarette case was rather careless.
I stayed but a day in Shanghai, and though I met the pair again in Peking I was then so much engaged that I saw little of them. I though a little odd that Campbell should spend his entire time in the hotel. I do not think he even went to see the Temple of Heaven. But I could quite understand that from his point of view Peking was unsatisfactory and I was not surprised when the pair returned to Shanghai, where, I knew, the wealthy merchants played for big money. I met them again in the ship that was to take us across the Pacific and I could not but sympathize with my friends when I saw that the passengers were little inclined to gamble. There were no rich people among them. It was a dull crowd, Campbell indeed suggested a game of poker, but no one would play more than twenty-dollar table stakes, and Peterson, evidently not thinking it worth while, would not join. Although we played afternoon and evening though the journey he sat down with us only on the last day. I suppose he thought he might just as well make his bar chits, and this he did very satisfactorily in a single sitting. But Campbell evidently loved the game for itself. Of course it is only if you have a passion for the business by which you earn your living that you can make a success of it. The stakes were nothing to him and he played all day and every day. It fascinated me to see the way in which he dealt the cards, very slowly, with his delicate hands. His eyes seemed to bore through the back of each one. He drank heavily, but remained quiet and self-controlled. His face was expressionless. I judged him to be a perfect card-player and I wished that I could see him at work. It increased my esteem for him to see that he could take what was only a relaxation so seriously.
I parted with the pair at Victoria and concluded that I should never see them again. I set about sorting my impressions and made notes of the various points that I thought would prove useful.
When I arrived in New York I found an invitation to luncheon at the Ritz with an old friend of mine. When I went she said to me:
“It’s quite a small party. A man is coming who I think you’ll like. He’s a prominent banker; he’s bringing a friend with him.”
The words were hardly out of her mouth when I saw coming up to us Campbell and Peterson. The truth flashed across me: Campbell really was an opulent banker; Peterson really was a distinguish engineer; they were not car-sharpers at all. I flatter myself I kept my face, but as I blandly shook hands with them I muttered under my breath furiously:
“Impostors!”
Text 15
