Cement mortar
Grout - this is probably the most important element in quality construction. At first glance, it seems that such a mixture to cook simple. By and large, this is the correct assumption. But for a first-class cement mortar is very careful approach to the selection of the optimal component composition and proportions. Before you learn the subtleties of receipt of such building materials, let's find out the function of each of the components in its formation. Cement-sand rastvor.S technical point of view, the foundation of the solution is water. Therefore, it is better to take a pure content without any water impurities. The filler sand acts in solution and binds together all the components of cement. During the preparation of cement mortar must be carefully approach the issue of the quality of sand. Firstly, it is necessary to ensure the absence of clay and other rocks, debris. Second, pick the right crop of sand. For example, fine sand is best used for masonry and rough sand plastering can cause more grinding or leveling.
Choosing cement must take into account some of its features. First, even with prolonged storage of unopened cement can zakamenet and become unfit for work. Therefore, it is wiser to buy cement before starting work. Secondly, the cement should be packaged only in paper. It is important to choose the correct grade of cement, depending on the type of construction work. For example, the foundation can not be used with cement brand M300 below. Consider the recommendations and standards for the preparation of cement-sand mortar, depending on the type of work. M400 brand cement used in the construction of massive whole buildings need to use M400 cement. If M400 mix cement and sand in the ratio 1: 2, the composition obtain M200. For finishing, surface preparation to the wall, it is desirable to take for a mixture of cement M400 or M500, sand and water at a ratio of 1: 3: 0.5. If we increase the relative proportion of cement in the solution, it is possible to reduce the curing time of plaster. Also, a good result is obtained with a ratio of cement, sand and lime milk 1: 5: 2 in plastering and screeds for floors - at a ratio of 1: 2-1: 6. When building is optimal ordinary buildings standing ratio from 1: 3 to 1: 6. In a life as popular proportions - 1: 3 and 1: 4.
Plaster
Plaster - finishing layer formed by the hardened mortar, as well as the mixture itself. Classification: Plaster can be categorized by purpose: Ordinary plaster - designed to align the walls (creating a flat, level surface for subsequent application of a thin layer of decorative coatings) and the protection of the external walls of buildings from environmental sredy.Spetsialnye plaster - are used as insulating layers and filmed ( . sound-absorbing, heat-saving, X-ray, etc.) Decorative plaster - used for finishing walls, ceilings and structures to enhance their aesthetic vyrazitelnosti.Dekorativnye plaster, in turn, are subdivided into the following types: - colored plaster, which is ideal for interior walls , door and window openings. - Stone plaster that their appearance resembles natural stone. - Venetian plaster. This type of plaster in appearance resembles a real mramor.Terrazitovaya plaster. This type is suitable for interior walls and plaster fasadov.Shёlkovaya - intended for interior use. Non-flammable, does not accumulate static electricity. The material consists of natural or synthetic fibers, mineral fillers and different decorative additives. Apply a plastic spatula on plastered and coated with a primer or oil paint surface. It has a variety of color and texture solutions, has no odor, is obtained by applying a seamless coating, the material is flexible and will not crack when "shrinkage" of the walls. The main disadvantage - poor moisture resistance, but when processing a moisture varnish can be used in rooms with high humidity (kitchen, bathroom, etc.) The most common conventional plasters are: mortar, cement-sand mortar, plaster smesi.Izvestkovye solutions. mainly used in outdoor applications, as well as the inner workings and the main advantages of this material are its speed and ease of use of the substrate, as well as maximum environmental friendliness. Among the shortcomings noted relatively low strength compared with other materials. The material consists of slaked lime and river sand in the ratio 1: 4, is used with the addition of tsementa.Tsementno-sand solutions are used both in domestic and outdoor applications. The popularity is due to the cheapness of the finishing materials. They are a little more complex in application, but the coating is much stronger than when working with lime or plaster solution. The material consists of sand and cement in a ratio of 1: 4, for small amounts in ductility added lime or PVA glue. Subject to the application of technology, the life of the finished coating exceeds several decades. Cement-sand solutions allow to align the strengths flaws poverhnosti.Gipsovye mix - intended for interior use. Using plaster mixes can obtain a smooth white coating. The main disadvantages of the material are its higher cost compared with other materials, insufficient moisture resistance, poor water vapor transmission rate and low strength. Also, in the pursuit of a consumer wishing to save on finishing thin layer mixture in the gypsum plaster is often added to asbestos and other adverse human health chemical additives that give the white surface. However, gypsum plasters can significantly simplify the process of finishing the cycle and reduce the time spent on alignment of the walls, which affects the popularity of data materialov.Magnezialnye mix - intended for interior use. Non-combustible, high-strength, non-dusting compositions for plastering interior walls of buildings for painting, tile, wallpaper, and so on. N. They belong to the category of non-dusting and non-combustible materials