4. Economics of cement production

Labour productivity in the cement industry is growing, and the cost is reduced each year. However, it should be noted that there is room to further improve production efficiency and reduce costs produktsii.Obraschayut the attention of high fuel and energy consumption of cement and a relatively high cost for depreciation of fixed assets. Because of this, very important in the modern cement production, issues of rational use of equipment and fuel. On the advanced cement plants cost of Portland cement is relatively low, such as Serebryakovskom, Novorossiysk, Belgorod about 1,000 rubles / t. At the same time, there are plants with an excessively high cost of cement -. 2300 RUR / t or more. The average cost of 1 ton of cement in 1880 rub.Nesmotrya some improvement in the use of calendar time furnace park downtime furnaces at a number of factories actually exceed the technically necessary time, it also occurs when using very toplivoemko melnits.Tsementnoe production: 1985 cement production spent more than 30 mln. tons of equivalent fuel (only for technological purposes). In clinker production by dry method of fuel is about 20% less than the wet. According kilns length of more than 150 m of fuel consumption is 238 kg, t. E. 1.5 times lower than in unproductive fuel consumption pecham.Snizhenie to produce 1 ton of clinker due primarily to the introduction of new high-efficiency furnaces, fuel-efficient in teplotehnicheskom respect. On the reduction of fuel consumption affected following technical measures, both are ways to further rationalize the use of fuel in the cement industry: implementation of efficient heat exchangers and highly resistant refractory; applying the slurry thinners to reduce its moisture that reduces fuel consumption by 2.5 ... 3%; intensification of firing and its introduction of automatic control; translation companies in the gaseous toplivo.Snizhenie specific fuel consumption for clinker firing also depends on the increase of the utilization rate of existing furnaces and achieve the design capacity of the new oborudovaniya.Iz the total amount of electricity consumed by the cement industry approximately 40% is consumed in the cement grinding, 30% - for clinker burning, therefore, the greatest decrease in electric capacity reserves are enclosed in improving the efficiency of the mill. Very promising in this regard, the introduction of impact-centrifugal crushers capacity up to 60 t / h for pre-crushing of clinker, the introduction of measures to install suction mines instead of cyclones and dr.V perspective envisages further development of the cement industry. It is planned to equip the powerful built-in rotary kilns with heat exchange and rational chain curtains, which will increase the productivity of furnaces for 8 ... 10%, reduce fuel consumption and reduce the dust discharge with the off-gas; It provided for an increase in the use of linings of rotary kilns effective refractories. In cement plants set high furnace size 7X230 and 5X75 m cyclone heat exchangers and reactors-calciner which will allow up to 30 ... 40% lower fuel consumption compared to the wet process, as well as the furnace capacity up to 3000 ... 5000 m / day for dry mode of production, the mill dry grinding size 4X13,5 m working in a closed cycle, rotary mill for processing soft syrya.Namechaetsya also increase the production of high-strength and rapid-Portland, developing the production of white and colored cement with a wide color gamut. Increased production and improved quality of slag Portland cement. Significantly increased the volume of cement production in large plants with furnaces 5X185 m.Stroitelstvo size of new businesses significantly improve the efficiency of cement promyshlennosti.Dalneyshee improved cost efficiency in the cement industry is achieved by using the most efficient production methods, and advanced equipment, the widespread introduction of catalysts and inten--Katori processes of clinker burning, cement grinding and indigenous processes improvements pyleulavlivaniya.V the short term will continue research and development of more effective technological schemes of production, processing, transportation and preparation of the raw material mixture.