Before you read the text

1. Memorize.

brass instrument	/медный/ духовой инструмент
clarinet [,klxrI’net]	кларнет
flute [flHt]	флейта
harmonium [hR’mounjqm]	фисгармония
harmonica [hR’mOnIkq]	губная гармоника, гармошка
horn	рог, рожок
oboe [‘oubou]	гобой
saxophone [‘sxksqfoun]	саксофон
trombone [trOm’boun]	тромбон
trumpet [‘trAmpIt]	труба
tuba [‘tjHbq]	туба, большая басовая труба
wood-wind instrument	деревянный духовой инструмент

2. Practise aloud.

denote – denotation, generate – generation, vibrate – vibration, play – player, vary – various – variety, differ – different – difference; unit – unify, classic – classify, long – length – lengthen, short – shorten; nature – natural; clarinet – clarinetist, flute – flutist, trombone – trombonist, trumpet – trumpeter

3. Pronounce correctly.

character, metal, type, group, tone, control, form, generate, produce, elastic, circular, cylindrical, conical, fundamental

4. Read the sentences and translate them paying special attention to the italicized words.

1. People can't live without air. 2. Present-day orchestra consists of many instrumental sections. 3. He is actually the first violin in the orchestra. 4. The violin has many relatives ranging from violino piccolo to Octobass. 5. Brass instruments have different types of mouthpieces. 6. According to the books about J.S.Bach he saw his first piano in 1747. 7. To achieve a proper understanding of his ideas we must read a lot. 8. On the other hand we must work hard. 9. On wind instruments there are mouth and finger holes. 10. The flutist had to train his lips. 11. The stream of air must go in a definite direction. 12. The sound depends on many factors. 13. However we can control the colour of the tones. 14. In order to obtain various necessary tones a pianist works with both pedals.

5. Translate into Russian, analysing the functions of Participle II.

1. The brass instruments are made from brass. 2. The wind instruments can be classified in two groups. 3. These instruments have reached their perfection within the past fifty years. 4. Stradivari is believed to have made 1116 violins in all. 5. The column of air enclosed in the pipe generates a sound. 6. There are different kinds of mouthpieces used in wind instruments. 7. The abbreviated term for “stringed instruments’ is “strings”. 8. The brass instruments form a unified group. 9. The lips of the player must be held correctly. 10. He has learned to play the trumpet. 11. A pipe of a given length produces only one tone. 12. Grand pianos are built in two basic shapes and exist in various sizes.

6. Look through text A and tell in a few words what it is about.

7. Read text A carefully.