False proteinuria

Separate isolated false proteinuria, which is detected when blood, pus from the genitals or semen enters the urine. False proteinuria occurs with vulvovaginitis.

Qualitative determination of protein in urine

The principle is based on the ability of a protein to precipitate from a solution with concentrated nitric acid; the protein precipitate does not dissolve in excess of acid.

The principle of another method is based on the ability of sulfosalicylic acid to precipitate protein in low concentrations with the formation of a suspension that causes turbidity of the solution.

In normal urine, protein is present in amounts that are not discovered by routine laboratory diagnostic methods. If the protein in the urine opens even in trace amounts - this is proteinuria, which can be both functional and pathological. Proteins of blood serum (albumin) are more likely to enter the urine, which is why this phenomenon is sometimes called albuminuria.

Glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine.

•Glucose is freely filtered through the basement membrane and completely reabsorbed through the epithelium of the proximal tubule using a sodiumdependent membrane-transport mechanism, with the participation of special carrier proteins.

•Glucose appears in the urine when its concentration exceeds the renal threshold, that is, when it has more than 8.88-9.99 mmol / L in adults and 10.55-12.76 mmol / L in children.

•Glucosuria is insular and extrainsular.

Causes of Glycosuria

The appearance of glucose in the urine may be:

-physiological and associated with the use of a large amount of carbohydrates, after emotional arousal, stressful conditions, after extensive surgical interventions.

-Permanent glucosuria occurs in diabetes mellitus, in the overproduction of ACTH, glucocorticoids, adrenaline.