- •Liver
- •Liver and detoxification
- •The first way of intoxication
- •The second way of intoxication
- •Liver and carbohydrate metabolism
- •Liver and protein metabolism
- •Liver and fat metabolism
- •Liver and blood coagulation
- •Liver and hormone inactivation
- •Liver and Vitamins
- •Depot and excretory role of a liver
- •Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- •Cellular Defense Against ROS
- •Thymol test
- •Quantitative determination of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity
- •Role of kidneys in water-salt metabolism
- •Regulation of sodium excretion. Renin
- •Regulation of sodium excretion. Renin
- •Antinatriuretic system
- •Natriuretic system
- •Urine
- •Physico-chemical properties of urine
- •Proteinuria
- •Functional proteinuria
- •Organic proteinuria
- •Prerenal proteinuria
- •Renal proteinuria
- •Postrenal proteinuria
- •False proteinuria
- •Qualitative determination of protein in urine
- •Glucosuria
- •Causes of Glycosuria
- •Extrainsular glucosuria
- •Hepatic and renal glucosuria
- •Primary and secondary glucosuria
- •Insular glucosuria
- •Clinical diagnostic value
- •Fructosuria
- •Ketonuria
- •Detection of ketone bodies in urine
- •Bilirubinuria
- •Qualitative detection of bile pigments in urine
- •Saliva
- •Chemical composition of saliva
- •Saliva proteins
- •Biological role of saliva
- •Mucins
- •Lysozyme
- •Saliva Whey Proteins
- •Ferrous enzymes
Liver and hormone inactivation
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Hormones such as adrenaline, norepinephrine, serotonin, androgens and estrogens are inactivated in it.
Liver and Vitamins |
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The liver is a depot of vitamins A, B, D, E, K.
Depot and excretory role of a liverLet’s write!
Blood is deposited in it, and the destruction of red blood cells occurs with the formation of bilirubin from hemoglobin.
Cholesterol, bilirubin, urea, and heavy metal compounds are released into the gastrointestinal tract by the liver.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Let’s write!
•Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is a phrase used to describe a number of reactive molecules and free radicals derived from molecular oxygen. These molecules, produced as byproducts during the mitochondrial electron transport of aerobic respiration or by oxidoreductase enzymes and metal catalyzed oxidation, have the potential to cause a number of deleterious events.
•Atomic oxygen has two unpaired electrons in separate orbits in its outer electron shell. This electron structure makes oxygen susceptible to radical formation. The sequential reduction of oxygen through the addition of electrons leads to the formation of a number of ROS including: superoxide; hydrogen peroxide; hydroxyl radical; hydroxyl ion; and nitric oxide.