Liver and carbohydrate metabolism
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•In the liver of a healthy person, glycogen is synthesized and decomposes, glucose is oxidized, glucuronic acid is formed, galactose and fructose are converted to glucose.
•In pathological conditions in hepatocytes, the glycogen content decreases, glucose breakdown is disrupted, acid metabolites are formed (for example, lactic acid), which can cause disruption of the body.
Liver and protein metabolism |
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•Normally, a healthy liver synthesizes 13-18 grams of albumin per day, the main protein in blood plasma that performs transport and plastic functions.
•In many diseases, the blood content of immunoglobulins, proteins synthesized by the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, increases.
•In the liver, deamination of amino acids, nucleotides and other nitrogen-containing compounds occurs.
•The ammonia formed in this process is neutralized by the synthesis of urea.
Liver and fat metabolism |
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•In the liver, triglycerides are oxidized to form fatty acids, and triglycerides, phospholipids, lipoproteins, cholesterol, and bile acids are synthesized.
•Bile acids emulsify edible fats, promote the absorption of fatty acids. Bile acids are formed in the liver from cholesterol (in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria).
•Bile acids combine with various substances and, being transformed, in the form of salts enter the intestine, where deoxycholic and lithocholic acids are created with the participation of microflora. With a decrease in the content of bile in the intestine, digestion processes are disturbed.
Liver and blood coagulation |
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The liver provides normal blood coagulation; prothrombin is α-globulin. Ac-globulin, convertin, antithrombin. In addition, it synthesizes fibrinogen and heparin.