Bilirubinuria

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Bilirubinuria is a condition in which the content of bilirubin in the urine increases and highquality tests for bilirubin become positive. Bilirubin appears in the urine with an increase in the concentration of bound bilirubin in the blood more than 35–85 μmol / L, with a norm of 8.55–20.5 μmol / L. For a day in an adult, 250-350 mg of bilirubin is formed. Normally, in the urine, bilirubin is not determined by routine methods.

Qualitative detection of bile pigments in urine

Rodine test: the principle is based on the oxidation of urine bilirubin to biliverdin under the influence of various reagents.

In normal urine, bile pigments are not detected by laboratory diagnostic methods. Bile pigments are found in urine with parenchymal and obstructive jaundice, when a message appears between the hepatic passages and blood vessels due to a violation of the integrity of the liver cells or changes in the permeability of their membranes. “Direct” (bound) bilirubin enters the bloodstream. This bilirubin is filtered into the urine. Bilirubinuria develops.

Saliva is the secret of the salivary glands secreted into the oral cavity and involved in digestion. In the performance of biological functions, mixed saliva is involved, which is a mixture of secrets of the salivary glands, microflora of the oral cavity and its metabolic products, desquamated epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. Up to 2 liters of saliva are released daily in an adult. Mixed saliva is viscous (due to glycoproteins), turbid (due to microflora and desquamated epithelial cells) biological fluid, the pH of which depends on the state of the oral cavity and the nature of the food (in plant foods, the pH of saliva shifts to the alkaline and animal pH to the acid side)

Chemical composition of saliva