- •Contents
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Tlie Budget, Taxes
- •Unit 4
- •International Organisations lex!, International Organisations 270
- •Unit 1
- •The Financial System
- •Unit 6
- •The World We Live In
- •1. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Notes on the Text
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Перевод герундия на русский язык
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Learning English Abroad
- •Words you may need
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •In England:
- •In Russia:
- •2. Are any of the sentences in 1 true for you or yt»ur friends? to admit
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Discuss the questions with jour partner, few
- •1. Complete these sentences witlu/еь'. A jew, many, much, Hale, a little, a lot of.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text в and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation Модальный глагол should
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I Любимцем
- •1. Translate into English:
- •3. Docs your university hold scientific conferences for students? If yes, comment on students' attendance.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. "Translate into English:
- •Defining Economics
- •Read for More Information
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Economics and Its Great Man
- •Grammar Revision Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Words you may need
- •Activities
- •2. Asking the way
- •Role-play
- •Youth is the Prime Time of Life
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •II. The Nation's Economy
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Income, to get/to spend income Translate into English.
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List Text в Personal Expenditure
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастия
- •I. Income and Spending
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Income and Spending
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on 2), 5), 6).
- •1. 'IVanslate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on Die above statements.
- •Text с Income Distribution
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text с and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Income distribution
- •Consumer Society
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Read for More Information
- •Explain the role of goldsmiths in the appearance of banknotes.
- •History of Money
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Translate the italicised sentence in writing.
- •Say what macroeconomics deals with. Macroeconomics
- •Grammar Revision
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Activities
- •Role-play Personal Budget
- •What Shall We Do Tonight?
- •Text On British Economy
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Nation's Economy
- •Interview with the Economist
- •Note on the Text
- •Role-play
- •L. Business and Government
- •II. The Budget. Taxes
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •1 Read Test a and give answers to the questions.
- •Употребление инфинитива Фирмы инфинитива
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •In a Library
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •I. Now say what you know about demand and supply.
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences of your own using:
- •Factors That Affect Price
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Present Continuous
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Translate into English:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •1. Study the illustrative sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •1. 'Translate into English:
- •Words you may need
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Лпчжт these questions:
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Develop 1) and 8).
- •The us Economic Sjstem
- •Read for More Information
- •Monopolies
- •How can monopolies be broken up? Competition
- •Renting a Car
- •Social English Booking Airline Tickets
- •Activities
- •At a Railway Station
- •Activities
- •Checking in at a hotel
- •Role-play
- •Imagine that students in an international student club are discussing lifestyles and living standards in their countries.
- •Text a The Budget
- •Text в Taxes
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •B) Taxation
- •C) Factors of Production
- •Starting a Career Text a Starting a Career
- •Unit 4
- •The Financial System
- •Comprehension
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What professional qualifications, skills and personal characteristics should people in these jobs have?
- •Requirements:
- •McKinsey & Company is a leading international management
- •Technological and operating issues
- •If you meet these requirements,
- •2. Think of situations hi which you can use the above word combinations.
- •2. Do you agree with points 2) and 4)?
- •Interest; to be of interest, to arouse interest, to show an interest, to have (an) interest, to express (an) interest, to lose interest
- •1. Translate into Russian.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •I» Complete the expressions using one verb for column л and one verb for column в and say who in your family makes/does the things.
- •Starting Work
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List Text в The Labour Market
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •1. Give derivatives of to compete. 1. Translate into English:
- •A. Office Problems
- •Text с Looking for a Job Abroad
- •Vocabulary List
- •Speech Patterns
- •Comprehension
- •2. Find in the text the sentence:
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What do people regret most often?
- •1. Translate into Russian;
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Into Russian:
- •A Chronological Resume
- •Job Interview
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •Social English
- •Activities
- •Role-play Job Opportunities
- •Note on the Texl
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Text в The Stock Exchange
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Note on the Text
- •A) The Central Banking System
- •B) The us Treasury
- •Unit 5
- •Text a Business Communication
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation Инфинитив в составе оборота
- •To announce to know
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I. Business Communication
- •1. 'Irynskitc into Russian:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate info English:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •I. Make your own sentences with the words which are frequently used wilh to draw up in the meaning "to prepare and write something" such as a document or a plan:
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Text в Business Letter Writing Structure of a Business Letter
- •1. The letterhead
- •2. The date
- •3. Addressee's name and address
- •Courtesy titles
- •12. ЛюЬимцеоа
- •4. The salutation
- •5. The message
- •6. The complimentary close
- •7. Signature
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Как читать цифры и числа (How to Read Figures and Numbers)
- •1. Даты
- •2. Номера телефонов и факсов
- •3. Цифра "о"
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Internet in Russia
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Text с
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation Наклонение (The Mood)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Translate into English paying attention to except and besides,
- •Memorandum
- •Read for More Information
- •Write out from the text the sentences containing the passive voice. Explain the use of the forms.
- •Form verbs from the following nouns:
- •B. How to Report я Meeting
- •Look up (lie words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from ihe box.
- •Form nouns from the following verbs: м want, lo work, to aintrol, to use, to limit, to pay, in cover, to trade, to buy, to call.
- •Organising a Business
- •Interview with the Chairman
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •The Lochshell Company ltd Minutes
- •Text Accounting and Auditing
- •Note on the Text
- •1 II is the process of capturing, processing, and communicating financial information.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Accounting: Changes and Prospects
- •209 Unit 6
- •II. World Trends. Globalisation
- •Vocabulary List
- •Text a Modern World Economy
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Multinational Enterprise
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •I. The World We Live In
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Производные слова
- •Составные слова
- •1. Составные существительные:
- •2. Составные прилагательные:
- •1. Translate into Russian. Comment on 1), 2), 3).
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Interact V — взаимодействовать stream n — поток solid adj — твердый
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer the questions. Ask your classmates what they think about 2) and 3).
- •«Признавать»
- •Words you may need
- •Computers in Education
- •Inhabitant n - житель
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •Do you agree that computers pose a challenge?
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •Find conditional sentences in the text. What types are they?
- •Economics and the Consumer Society
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •Text a
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Global Economy
- •Scarcity
- •Role-play
- •I. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •II. International Organisations
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •(Продолжение)
- •2 (It не: one second) 4
- •Математические действия (Mathematical Operations)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Give English equivalents to:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •6 Billionth Baby Born, But Birth Rale Slowing
- •5 Million Citizens
- •The British State System
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Local Government
- •Words you may need
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Words and word combination you may need
- •Translate the italicised sentence, underline the subject of Ihe sentence with one line and the predicate with two lines.
- •Explain (in writing) why America was and remains a mobile nation.
- •Pick out the sentences describing the American Dream. American Population
- •Great Britain
- •Word combinations you may need
- •Useful Language
- •Role-play
- •International Organisations
- •Text International Organisations
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Артикль (The Article)
- •Нулевой артикль
- •Неисчисляемые сущестшггельные
- •Имя прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Суффиксы прилагательных
- •Наречие (The Adverb) Степени сравнения наречий
- •Местоимение
- •It is on the table. Она на столе.
- •Числительное (The Numeral)
- •Местоимения much и many
- •Глагол (The Verb)
- •Основные формы неправильных глаголов
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •Основные видо-времениые формы глагола
- •Directing the meeting and keeping order
- •Interrupting
- •Making suggestions
- •Returning to the topic
- •Expressing an opinion
- •It's Quite obvious t6 me...
- •Positive reaction
- •Mild disagreement
- •Assessing ideas (proposals, opinions)
- •.Литература
- •Начальный курс
- •214000, I. Смоленск, пр-г им. Ю. Гагарина, 2.
Grammar Presentation Наклонение (The Mood)
В английском языке имеются три наклонения. Это— изъявительное наклонение (the Indicative Mood), повелительное наклонение (the Imperative Mood) и сослагательное наклонение (the Subjunctive Mood). Изъявительное наклонение используется для отражения действий как реальных фактов в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем. Повелительное наклонение выражает приказание, просьбу, совет. Сослагательное наклонение показывает, что говорящий рассматривает действие не как реальный факт, а как предполагаемое или желательное действие. В русском языке сослагательное наклонение выражается формами прошедшего времени глагола и частицей бы.
Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
В английском языке сослагательное наклонение выражается различными формами. Наиболее употребительными являются следующие:
1. В придаточных предложениях, начинающихся с союза that, после оборотов типа "It is necessary" (необходимо), "It is desirable" (желательно), "It is important" (важно) употребляются should + infinitive и Present Subjunctive (форма, совпадающая
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Units
I. Business Communication
193
во всех лицах единственного и множествен ноги числа с инфинитивом).
// и desirable that he should take Желательно, чтобы on принял меры measures al once. немедленно.
Или: /(is desirable that he lake measures at once.
2. В придаточных предложениях, зависящих от глаголов to or der, to command, to insist, to suggest, to propose, употребляются should + infinitive и Present Subjunctive.
He suggested\\-\s\ the meeting should Он предложил отложить собрание, be postponed.
Или: Не suggested that the meeting be postponed.
3. В придаточных предложениях, зависящих от глагола to wish:
1) Для выражения пожелания о том, чтобы положение вещей, существующих и момент высказывании, было изменено, ис пользуется форма сослагательного наклонения, совпадающая с формой глагола в Past Indefinite.
I wish I had a new car. Как бы я хотел иметь новую машину.
I wish I were-with you. Как бы я хотел быть с вами.
2) Для выражения сожаления по поводу упущенной возможно сти или по поводу совершенного поступка используется фор ма, совпадающая с Past Perfect.
I wish I had done it yeslerday. Жаль, что я не сделал этого вчера.
Grammar and Lexis
Ex. 15. a) Read point 3 above carefully.
b) Write I wish sentences for the following situations.
g) Some time ago I was offered a newjobbut I failed (he interview.
h) 1 failed the interview because my computer skills were poor.
i) I didn't pass the language test either.
I live in the suburbs.
1 have a small flat.
I have an old car.
My parents do not undersLand me.
I've got a boring job.
I have no time to sec my friends.
Ex.
16. Write these sentences using / wish
instead
of It's
a pity. Make
all the necessary changes as in the Example.
Example;
It's
a pity I'm so busy today.
I
wish I were not so busy lodav.
It's
a pity I have no one to advise me what to do.
It's
a pity he doesn't know how to handle people.
It's
a pity we have to put olTthe meeting.
It's
a pity yon don't know English well enough.
It's
a pity he speaks in public badly.
It's
a pity ihe company is not well-staffed,
Ex.
17. Write these sentences using I
wish instead
of I
regret or
i'm
sorry. Make
all the necessary changes as in the Example.
Example:
I'm
sorry I wasn't at the concert last night. I
wish I had been at the concert last nighi,
I
regret Ididn'tspeakat the meet
ing.
I'm
sorry I didn't support the pro-
I regret I ever suggested this idea.
I regret I mentioned the subject.
I'm sorry 1 didn't send the letter
earlier. posal.
4. I'm sorry I didn't make Ihe nec essary arrangements-
Ex. IS. Practise these words and word combinations.
minutes Answer the questions:
Is it a most demanding task to produce the minutes of a meeting?
Do minutes provide a source of reference? Do they ensure thai decisions are not "misinterpreted", "overlooked" or "misiemernbercd" when the occasion suits?
Why should people who take the minutes be particularly accurate?
Have you ever kept (taken, written) the minutes of a meeting?
What goes on record in the minutes of a meeting?
agenda Supply prepositions where necessary. Comment on 4).
"We have three questions ... the agenda," the chairman announced.
Are there any additions or amendments,,, the proposed agenda?
Let's move on to the last item ... the agenda.
Careful thought must be given to the position of an item of business... an agenda.
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Unit 5
I. Business Communication
195
Lei's include one more item ... our agenda.
As a rule, "Any Other Business" (AOB) appears as the final item ... the agenda.
Could you draw ... an agenda?
to raise, to rise
Fill in the blanks with one of the above verbs.
A lot of questions... at the meeting.
Prices... lately,
The government's policy is aimed to... the living standards of the popula tion.
Who ... that question?
Industrial production ... for the last 6 months.
amendments)
1. Study the words which are frequently used with amendment in the meaning «ише- нение, поправка к резолюции, законодательству, предложению, контракту»:
to propose/table/introduce/make an amendment
2. Translate into English:
Члены парламента предложили поправку к законопроекту.
В ходе обсуждения проекта бюджета в него были внесены поправки.
В закон было внесено много поправок.
Какие есть изменения или дополнения к повестке дня?
meeting
1. Make sure you know the verbs which are frequently used with meeting:
to hold to attend to close to run
to call up to adjourn to chair to postpone
to resume to open to cancel to miss
2. Answer the questions:
When did you attend a meeting last?
Where was it held?
On what occasion was it called up?
Who opened the meeting?
Who chaired the meeting?
Was the meeting adjourned?
What did the chairman say closing the meeting?
What did the chairman say lo open the meeting?
to suggest, to propose
Translate into English:
Я предлагаю принять данную повестку дня.
Предлагаю установить регламент ведения собрания.
Я предлагаю поставить вопрос на голосование.
Я предлагаю подавать вопросы в письменном виде.
Я предлагаю перенести собрание на следующую неделю.
Что вы предлагаете?
except
1. Explain the meaning of the sentences:
Besides economics, I like maths.
I'm good at many subjects; except statistics.
