- •Contents
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Tlie Budget, Taxes
- •Unit 4
- •The Financial System
- •Unit 6
- •The World We Live In
- •1. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •International Organisations lex!, International Organisations 270
- •Unit 1
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Notes on the Text
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Перевод герундия на русский язык
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Learning English Abroad
- •Words you may need
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •In England:
- •In Russia:
- •2. Are any of the sentences in 1 true for you or yt»ur friends? to admit
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Discuss the questions with jour partner, few
- •1. Complete these sentences witlu/еь'. A jew, many, much, Hale, a little, a lot of.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text в and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation Модальный глагол should
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I Любимцем
- •1. Translate into English:
- •3. Docs your university hold scientific conferences for students? If yes, comment on students' attendance.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. "Translate into English:
- •Defining Economics
- •Read for More Information
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Economics and Its Great Man
- •Grammar Revision Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Words you may need
- •Activities
- •2. Asking the way
- •Role-play
- •Youth is the Prime Time of Life
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •II. The Nation's Economy
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Income, to get/to spend income Translate into English.
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List Text в Personal Expenditure
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастия
- •I. Income and Spending
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Income and Spending
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on 2), 5), 6).
- •1. 'IVanslate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on Die above statements.
- •Text с Income Distribution
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text с and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Income distribution
- •Consumer Society
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Read for More Information
- •Explain the role of goldsmiths in the appearance of banknotes.
- •History of Money
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Translate the italicised sentence in writing.
- •Say what macroeconomics deals with. Macroeconomics
- •Grammar Revision
- •I. Income and Spending
- •What Shall We Do Tonight?
- •Activities
- •Role-play Personal Budget
- •Text On British Economy
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Nation's Economy
- •Interview with the Economist
- •Note on the Text
- •Role-play
- •L. Business and Government
- •II. The Budget. Taxes
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •1 Read Test a and give answers to the questions.
- •Употребление инфинитива Фирмы инфинитива
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •In a Library
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •I. Now say what you know about demand and supply.
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences of your own using:
- •Factors That Affect Price
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Present Continuous
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Translate into English:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •1. Study the illustrative sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •1. 'Translate into English:
- •Words you may need
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Лпчжт these questions:
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Develop 1) and 8).
- •The us Economic Sjstem
- •Read for More Information
- •Monopolies
- •How can monopolies be broken up? Competition
- •Renting a Car
- •Social English Booking Airline Tickets
- •Activities
- •At a Railway Station
- •Activities
- •Checking in at a hotel
- •Role-play
- •Imagine that students in an international student club are discussing lifestyles and living standards in their countries.
- •Text a The Budget
- •Text в Taxes
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •B) Taxation
- •C) Factors of Production
- •Starting a Career Text a Starting a Career
- •Unit 4
- •The Financial System
- •Comprehension
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What professional qualifications, skills and personal characteristics should people in these jobs have?
- •Requirements:
- •McKinsey & Company is a leading international management
- •Technological and operating issues
- •If you meet these requirements,
- •2. Think of situations hi which you can use the above word combinations.
- •2. Do you agree with points 2) and 4)?
- •Interest; to be of interest, to arouse interest, to show an interest, to have (an) interest, to express (an) interest, to lose interest
- •1. Translate into Russian.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •I» Complete the expressions using one verb for column л and one verb for column в and say who in your family makes/does the things.
- •Starting Work
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List Text в The Labour Market
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •1. Give derivatives of to compete. 1. Translate into English:
- •A. Office Problems
- •Text с Looking for a Job Abroad
- •Vocabulary List
- •Speech Patterns
- •Comprehension
- •2. Find in the text the sentence:
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What do people regret most often?
- •1. Translate into Russian;
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Into Russian:
- •A Chronological Resume
- •Job Interview
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •Social English
- •Activities
- •Role-play Job Opportunities
- •Note on the Texl
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Text в The Stock Exchange
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Note on the Text
- •A) The Central Banking System
- •B) The us Treasury
- •Unit 5
- •Text a Business Communication
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation Инфинитив в составе оборота
- •To announce to know
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I. Business Communication
- •1. 'Irynskitc into Russian:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate info English:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •I. Make your own sentences with the words which are frequently used wilh to draw up in the meaning "to prepare and write something" such as a document or a plan:
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Text в Business Letter Writing Structure of a Business Letter
- •1. The letterhead
- •2. The date
- •3. Addressee's name and address
- •Courtesy titles
- •12. ЛюЬимцеоа
- •4. The salutation
- •5. The message
- •6. The complimentary close
- •7. Signature
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Как читать цифры и числа (How to Read Figures and Numbers)
- •1. Даты
- •2. Номера телефонов и факсов
- •3. Цифра "о"
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Internet in Russia
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Text с
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation Наклонение (The Mood)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Translate into English paying attention to except and besides,
- •Memorandum
- •Read for More Information
- •Write out from the text the sentences containing the passive voice. Explain the use of the forms.
- •Form verbs from the following nouns:
- •B. How to Report я Meeting
- •Look up (lie words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from ihe box.
- •Form nouns from the following verbs: м want, lo work, to aintrol, to use, to limit, to pay, in cover, to trade, to buy, to call.
- •Organising a Business
- •Interview with the Chairman
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •The Lochshell Company ltd Minutes
- •Text Accounting and Auditing
- •Note on the Text
- •1 II is the process of capturing, processing, and communicating financial information.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Accounting: Changes and Prospects
- •209 Unit 6
- •II. World Trends. Globalisation
- •Vocabulary List
- •Text a Modern World Economy
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Multinational Enterprise
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •I. The World We Live In
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Производные слова
- •Составные слова
- •1. Составные существительные:
- •2. Составные прилагательные:
- •1. Translate into Russian. Comment on 1), 2), 3).
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Interact V — взаимодействовать stream n — поток solid adj — твердый
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer the questions. Ask your classmates what they think about 2) and 3).
- •«Признавать»
- •Words you may need
- •Computers in Education
- •Inhabitant n - житель
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •Do you agree that computers pose a challenge?
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •Find conditional sentences in the text. What types are they?
- •Economics and the Consumer Society
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •Text a
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Global Economy
- •Scarcity
- •Role-play
- •I. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •II. International Organisations
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •(Продолжение)
- •2 (It не: one second) 4
- •Математические действия (Mathematical Operations)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Give English equivalents to:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •6 Billionth Baby Born, But Birth Rale Slowing
- •5 Million Citizens
- •The British State System
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Local Government
- •Words you may need
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Words and word combination you may need
- •Translate the italicised sentence, underline the subject of Ihe sentence with one line and the predicate with two lines.
- •Explain (in writing) why America was and remains a mobile nation.
- •Pick out the sentences describing the American Dream. American Population
- •Great Britain
- •Word combinations you may need
- •Useful Language
- •Role-play
- •International Organisations
- •Text International Organisations
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Артикль (The Article)
- •Нулевой артикль
- •Неисчисляемые сущестшггельные
- •Имя прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Суффиксы прилагательных
- •Наречие (The Adverb) Степени сравнения наречий
- •Местоимение
- •It is on the table. Она на столе.
- •Числительное (The Numeral)
- •Местоимения much и many
- •Глагол (The Verb)
- •Основные формы неправильных глаголов
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •Основные видо-времениые формы глагола
- •Directing the meeting and keeping order
- •Interrupting
- •Making suggestions
- •Returning to the topic
- •Expressing an opinion
- •It's Quite obvious t6 me...
- •Positive reaction
- •Mild disagreement
- •Assessing ideas (proposals, opinions)
- •.Литература
- •Начальный курс
- •214000, I. Смоленск, пр-г им. Ю. Гагарина, 2.
Text с Income Distribution
Correspondent: The debate on the distribution of income often focuses on the conditions of life of the young. Most typically, young
74
Unit 2
I. Income and Spending
75
people in Britain leave home after they finish school. Do you live on your own?
Alice: No, I don't. If 1 had finished school with better marks 1 would have entered the local Polytechnical College and would have left home like many of my friends. But I'm looking for a job now and live with my parents.
Correspondent: What is the annual income of yourfamily?
Alice: We are a middle-class family. My parents work at the local factory. As in many families our income comes from different sources.
Correspondent: What's the largest source?
Alice: It's my parents' employment. Then we get a return on my father's savings. Besides, my parents have some shares of their company. As shareholders they get dividends.
Correspondent: How do you spend the money?
Alice: Nearly all money goes on rent, utilities, transport, clothes, and food.
Correspondent: Do your parents give you any pocket money?
Alice: Yes, they do.
Correspondent: Do you spend it on leisure and entertainment?
Alice: Well, 1 go out for a meal or to the cinema sometimes, but I can't afford to do it often.
Correspondent: What would you do, if you had more money, Alice?
Alice: Well, if I had more money I would start my own business.
Vocabulary List
shareholder n - акционер
dividend n — дивиденд
rent n - арендная плата, квартирная
плата
utilities n — коммунальные уелуги start a business - организовать свое
дело
income distribution - распределение доходов
focus on v—сосредоточивать (внимание) live on snib's own — жнтъ самостоятел ы ю annual income - годовой доход source n — источник return n - доход savings n — сбережения
Comprehension
1 Read Text с and give answers to the questions.
1. Why does the debate on the distribution of income often focus on the conditions of life of the young?
Why does Alice live with her parents?
Is the annual income of the family big?
Where docs the family's income come from?
How does the family spend its income?
What would Alice do if she had money of her own?
• Read Text С again and du the task given below. Task. Find in the text the sentence:
If 1 had finished school with better marks I would have entered the local Polytechnical College and would have left home ...
• Then read the Grammar Presentation of the Conditional Sentences Type III (Ус ловные предложения третьего типа) and translate the sentences into Russian hi writing.
Grammar Presentation
Условные предложения третьего типа (Conditional Sentences Type III)
l_ast month my friend was ill. I didn't know this, so I didn't go to set: him. If 1 had known that my friend was ill 1 would have visited him.
В прошлом месяце мой друг бьы болен. Я не знап этого и не навестил его. Если бы я знал, что мой другбыл болен, ябы навестил его.
Условные предложения третьего типа выражают предположения, относящиеся к прошедшему времени, и поэтому являются нереальными. Как и условные предложения второго типа, они соответствуют в русском языке условным предложениям с глаголом в сослагательном наклонении (т.е. с глаголом в форме прошедшего времени с частицей бы).
В условных предложениях третьего типа в придаточном предложении употребляется форма Past Perfect и в главном предложении — сочетание should (с 1-м липом ед. и мн. числа) и would (со 2-м и 3-м лицом ед. и мн. числа) с Perfect Infinitive (без to):
Не would not have caught a told if he had put on a warm coat.
Он не простудился бы, сели бы он надел теплое пальто,
76
Unit 2