12. The components of a speech act:

1. Locution. Examples:

• Don't bully the child.

• You’ve never been a seamstress.

• Mrs. Reed wants you in the drawing room.

2. Illocution. Examples:

• He advised me not to answer back.

• She warned me that that girl was a liar.

• Mr. Rochester asked me to explain the reason of my leave.

3. Perlocution. Examples:

– Her words annoyed me.

• Rochester stopped his hourse.

• You made me change my idea of women.

Classification of speech acts (Searle, 1979):

1. Representatives. Examples:

– We don't want no vagabonds here.

• My name is Jane Eyre.

• This, Mr. Brocklehurst, is the child in question.

• She is the daughter of my late husband’s sister.

• They go to Hell.

2. Expressives. Examples:

• Thank you, Bessie.

• Oh, I'm so glad.

• Good-day to you, gentlemen!

• Devil take it!

• I’m sorry if I frightened your horse.

2. Directives. Examples:

• Wait a minute!

• Come on out, Jane Eyre.

• Go on, knock!

• Come here, little girl.

• Silence!

4. Commissives: Examples:

– I’ll never call you Aunt as long as I live.

• And, I'll think of you all the time, I really will, Helen.

• I'll never go back.

• I'll marry you.

• I promise you that.

5. Declarations. Examples:

– You become my wife.

• I forgive you.

• You sentence me to sufferings.

• I appoint you a teacher.

• I grant your feet in the path of salvation.

13. The classification of speech personalities (according to s. Sukhykh):

1. Harmonious type. The example of a harmonious type may serve Jane Eyre for as a rule she speaks in a logical and coherent way, keeps to the social schemes and norms, doesn’t strive to become a communicative leader and adheres to the principle of cooperation. We can illustrate this on the basis of the Dialogue 70.

JANE

I'm sorry if I frightened your

horse.

ROCHESTER

Apologies won't mend my ankle.

What are you waiting for now?

JANE

I can't think of leaving you till I

see you are fit to ride.

ROCHESTER

(looks at her)

Hmm. You've a will of your own.

Where do you come from?

JANE

From Mr. Rochester's house just

below.

ROCHESTER

You know Mr. Rochester?

JANE

No, I have never seen him.

ROCHESTER

You are not a servant at the

Hall... You are -—

JANE

I am the new governess.

ROCHESTER

Oh -- the new governess...

ROCHESTER

Well... necessity compels me to

make you useful.

ROCHESTER

Now, just hand me my whip.

Jane stoops down, and after a moment straightens up with the

whip in her hand. She hands it to him.

ROCHESTER

Thank you. Now kindly get out of my

way.

Though Rochester is rather rude, especially taking into account that he is speaking to the unknown young lady, Jane is calm, confident and helpful.

2. Conflict type. Mr. Brocklehurst can serve as a vivid example of a conflict type. He is rude, impulsive, ironical, sarcastic and deviates from social norms. We can illustrate this on the basis of the Dialogue 71.

JANE

I cannot accept your offer, sir.

BROCKLEHURST

And why not, pray?

JANE

I do not wish to stay at Lowood.

BROCKLEHURST

This is unheard of. The

ingratitude, the black ingratitude.

JANE

What have I to be grateful for? Ten

years of harshness and drudgery...-

BROCKLEHURST

(interrupting)

Silence!

BROCKLEHURST

Stiff—necked as ever. I see that I

have been sadly deceived in you.

BROCKLEHURST

And where may I ask, do you intend

to go?

JANE

Out into the world, sir.

BROCKLEHURST

(sarcastically smiling)

Out into the world.

(with a sharpening of his

tone)

And do you know how the world

treats young paupers, without

friends or connections?

JANE

I intend to find a position as a

governess.

BROCKLEHURST

How, may I ask?

JANE

I have advertised in a newspaper.

BROCKLEHURST

(dryly)

And doubtless you have been

overwhelmed with demands for your

services?

JANE

No, sir.

BROCKLEHURST

(smiling triumphantly)

And you never will be. You have no

talents, your disposition is dark

and rebellious, your appearance is

insignificant. It is folly to dream

of such a position.

3. Impulsive type. Mr. Rochester can be characterized as an impulsive type. He strives to dominate in the communication though other participants cannot easily influence him. We can illustrate this on the basis of the Dialogue 72.

ROCHESTER

Well, Miss Eyre, have you no

tongue?

JANE

I was waiting, sir, until I was

spoken to.

ROCHESTER

Very proper. And next time you see

a man on a horse, don't run out

into the road until he has passed.

JANE

I assure you, sir, it was not

deliberate.

ROCHESTER

It may not have been deliberate but

it is none the less painful.

ROCHESTER

Miss Eyre, where do you come from?

JANE

From Lowood Institution, sir.

ROCHESTER

And your home?

JANE

I have no home.

ROCHESTER

Who recommended you to come here?

JANE

I advertised, and Mrs. Fairfax

answered the advertisement.

ROCHESTER

And you came post haste to be in

time to throw me off my horse!

Well, what did you learn at Lowood?

Can you play the piano?

JANE

A little.

ROCHESTER

Of course; that is the established

answer. Go into the drawing room —-

I mean 'if you please' - excuse my

tone of command, I'm used to saying

"Do this!" and it is done.

We can observe that Jane is obedient and Rochester behaves as if he were annoyed about something, he is used to criticizing and commanding.