0. Перевод причастных оборотов

Абсолютным причастным оборотом называется причастный оборот, имеющий подлежащее, отличное от подлежащего всего предложения. Поскольку в русском языке нет абсолютных причастных оборотов, их можно переводить несколькими способами:

The agenda being exhausted, the meeting was closed.

1. Повестка дня была исчерпана, и собрание закрыли (сложносочиненное предложение);

2. После того как повестка дня была исчерпана, собрание закрыли (сложноподчиненное предложение);

3. Повестка дня была исчерпана. Собрание закрыли (самостоятельные предложения).

Иногда абсолютный причастный оборот можно перевести с помощью русского наречия «причем». Например, All the values are considerably higher, their mean being 6.45. – Все величины оказываются значительно более высокими, причем их среднее значение составляет 6,45.

Упражнение 2.5.1

Переведите предложения с причастным оборотом.

A 1. A new technique having been worked out, the results improved considerably. 2. The congress being over, the delegates went home.

3. He agreed to write an article on atomic power plant safety, the problem being of considerable significance.

4. The experiment having been carried out, we started a new investigation.

5. The voltage being very low, the machine-tool would not operate properly.

6. The insulation being poor, the short circuit was practically inevitable.

7. Boron steel rods having been used, the chain reaction rate became normal.

8. Carbon dioxide from burning fuels rapidly increasing in the atmosphere, the heat is reflected back to the earth causing the so called greenhouse effect.

9. The X-ray method of examining inner organs being to a certain extent harmful, scientists have developed a new method of ultrasonic examination.

В 1. A spacecraft being designed for a mission to Mars, we are waiting for the next favourable opportunity when Mars makes its close approach to Earth.

2. The new device being introduced, only small changes in the image would be transmitted over Picturephone lines.

3. The quality of ceramics being steadily improved, a tenfold improvement over the earlier devices was obtained.

4. Propane and butane being transported by sea, the transportation must be carried out at reduced temperatures.

5. The telescope system being in orbit, reliable remote control from the ground must be provided.

6. A highly efficient metering system being developed by Asahi, the Pentax Spotmatic camera guarantees perfect exposures automatically.

7. Having noticed the car battery failure, electrolyte solution was immediately added.

8. The actual leak in the system having been spotted, the engine was shut off for repair.

9. The button on the controller being pressed, the automatic regenerating process is initiated.

10. Having provided improved means for modulating electrical signals, the device performance became very effective.

C 1. They tested various methods, with no results meeting the requirements.

2. The pump worked hard, without the level of water decreasing considerably.

3. A pre-heater is unnecessary, with the oxygen normally available.

4. The key difficulty is how agriculture could continue to use chemicals to good advantage without health hazards of drinking water nitrate pollution.

5. The machine-tool meets all the requirements with the operator having a push-button control.

6. A new gas filter was introduced with no radical change of the exhaust.

7. The power station will operate on a dual pressure steam cycle with the turbine high pressure cylinder designed to accept steam at two pressures.

8. With the experiments having being carried out successfully, they started volume production of the device.

9. With the computer having become a common business tool, the information can be stored in electronic memories and got out by pressing a button.

10. Hour after hour the seal’s flippers in icy water would remain only a few degrees above zero without the animal showing any sign of discomfort.