- •390 1 English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Strain and Conflict
- •392 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •394 I EnQlish for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Unit VIII
- •Kinds of Groups
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •396 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •XIV. Read and translate the text:
- •XV. Answer the following questions:
- •402 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •XVI. Contradict the following statements. Start your sentence with: «Quite on the contrary...»
- •XVII. Ask your friend:
- •Give examples of primary and secondary groups.
- •Characterize in brief:
- •404 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Networks
- •406 | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •Unit IX
- •Group Dynamics
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •4'* I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •VIII. Read the text again and note the difference between ingroups and outgroups.
- •IX. Prepare a report «Group Dynamics and Society». Unitx
- •I. Read and translate the text:
- •Deviance
- •4/6 | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •418 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •VII. Speak on:
- •VIII. Translate the text in writing:
- •2. People become deviant as others define them that way.
- •420 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Unit XI
- •422 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •424 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •XII. Answer the following questions:
- •428 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Unit XII
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •Fourth Dimension
- •434 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •The Golden Mean
- •436 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •440 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •442 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •444 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Make up disjunctive questions:
- •445 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •V. What problems are similar for both countries?
- •44Д I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Mass society
- •450 | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •7Exrs for written translation I 453
- •III. Translate the text in writing.
- •454 1 English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •455 1 English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •460 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •1. Spencer and His Time
- •VII. Translate the text in writing:
- •466 | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •VIII. Translate the text in writing:
- •468 | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •470 1 English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •47Г | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •P resent simple
- •II. Complete the following sentences:
- •Past simple
- •478 I Enalish for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Present perfect
- •480 1 English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •482 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •II. Analyze and translate the sentences with participles:
- •484 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •486 | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •488 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •490 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •494 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •XIII. Read and translate the sentences with complex subject:
- •495 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •XIV. Translate the following conditional sentences:
- •XV. Translate the following conditional sentences:
- •498 | English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •XVI. Read, analyze and translate:
- •XVII. Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Vocabulary 500 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Vocabulary I 5o3
- •504 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
- •Vocabulary I s°5
- •Vocabulary I s07
- •Vocabulary 1 509
420 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
For example, closing a factory permanently is within the legal rights of a factory owner, even though doing so may put thousands of people out of work. At the same time, a less powerful person who commits vandalism that closes a factory for a single day is likely to be defined as criminal. Powerless people may be defined as deviant for exactly the same behaviour that powerful people engage in with impunity. For example, a homeless person who stands on a street corner and denounces the city government may be arrested for disturbing place. On the other hand, a candidate trying to unseat the mayor during an election campaign can do the same thing while receiving extensive police protection.
In sum, while commonly understood as a quality of individuals, deviance is inseparable from the operation of society.
Unit XI
I. Read and translate the text::
Brain Drain-, a Natural Phenomenon?
Nowadays we are hearing less and less about how detrimental brain drain is to Russia. Have we, like the rest of the world, begun to see it as something natural?
The consolation is that these days, leaving the country does not necessarily mean saying good-bye forever. Indeed, in recent years, for every scientist who emigrates for good, there are four who are working on a contract basis. Their lifestyle is like a watchman's job - one shift returns, and another leaves. They usually receive temporary grants, and travel from country to country.
Often they simply go because they can't continue their research at a contemporary level in Russia, due to the lack of equipment, reactants, or the fact that they just can't get the information they need. In the meantime, the level of this «internal scientific emigration» is at least twice as high as its «external» counterpart.
According to the official emigration statistics, most of our emigre scientists and pedagogical workers ended up in Germany, although those who emigrate to Germany usually end up changing their professions. So, in fact, three quarters of the people who actively work in the field of fundamental sciences are currently employed in the United States and Canada. Others go to Israel and Australia, while recently they've also started heading out to Latin American countries like Panama, Columbia and Mexico. There are also more exotic destinations like Trinidad, Namibia and Jamaica. They comprise the Russian scientific diaspora.
The term diaspora, or «dispersal», has historically been used to characterize people who are drawn to one another
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422 I English for Psychologists and Sociologists
across a distance. The ethnic-Russian scientific diaspora, which is scattered throughout the entire world, was able to become «glued together» very quickly with the help of computer communication systems.
First the Russian scientists had mailing lists; now they also have Web sites. One of the most popular mailing lists is the INFO-RUSS project, which links over 1,200 subscribers. This form of correspondence is open to everybody. According to recent calculations, approximately 14,000-18,000 scientists from Russia have been working abroad in the field of fundamental sciences.
Lately, the processes of intellectual migration have become more stable and have taken on more civilized forms. Today, the West is buying out Russian young programmers. Fourth-year students studying at faculties of computational mathematics and cybernetics can now receive stipends from foreign organizations. There are representatives of firms recruiting students to work abroad standing by at the famous technical schools.
A big-name professor may choose the specific universities he would like to work in, but his students are willing to take any job, even one that has nothing to do with major science. They are being hired to create virtual casinos, and to develop banking services and new telecommunication technologies.
But science schools can't exist without students. And Russia needs to hang on for about another 10 years, until it gets some fresh blood. The only people to count on are the kids who are currently in third and fourth grades.