7.1.2. Oтклонения от правила согласования времен.

Случаи отклонения от правила согласования времен:

• в определительных придаточных предложениях, а также придаточных причинных и сравнительных предложениях глагол может употребляться во временах Present и Future: My brother told me about the book which you are reading. He was not able to translate the article because he does not know English well enough. He refused to go to the theatre as he will have an examination in Economy in a few days. It was not so cold yesterday as it is today.

• глаголы must (в случае выражения приказания или совета), should и ought употребляются в придаточном предложении независимо от того, в каком времени стоит глагол главного предложения: He tells (told) us that we mustn’t cross the road against the red light. He says (said) that I ought to send her a telegram at once. I tell (told) him that he should consult a doctor.

• форма Present сослагательного наклонения употребляется независимо от того, в каком времени стоит глагол главного предложения: It is (was) necessary that he send us the documents.

• глагол в дополнительном придаточном предложении выражает общеизвестный факт: Galileo proved that the earth moves (moved) round the sun.

• в научной и технической литературе после глаголов типа to believe, to assume, to suggest, to express, to maintain, и т.д., которые по своему значению не констатируют общеизвестную истину, а указывают на предположительные факты: The author suggested that the main valency chains of lignin are built up by a repeating 2-ring system.

**Упр.7.1.2.a. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующем времени.

1. They held that this observation _____ (show) the reaction to be intermolecular.

2. Kelner discovered that visible light ____ (have) the remarkable ability of restoring viability.

3. It was noticed that some water ____ (distill) at the beginning of the distillation.

4. It was supposed that hydrate formation ____ (play) a part in the aqueous polymerization.

5. He was modeling the simplest possible chemical reaction – hydrogen exchange, in which a hydrogen atom ____ (slam) into a hydrogen molecule and _____ (replace) one of its two atoms.

6. It was found that other derivatives ____ (not result) in higher yields.

7. He established the formula of the alcohol and suggested that saponification of the ester (under rather drastic conditions) _____ (proceed) as follows.

8. It was shown that the velocity constant ____ (be) unaffected by an increase in viscosity of the reacting mixture of over 2,000 fold.

9. Gauss deduced the fundamental theorem from Proposition 30 in Book 7 of Euclid’s Elements, which ____ (state) that if a prime ____ (divide) a product of two integers, then the prime must also divide at last one of the factors.

7.2. Повелительные конструкции в косвенной речи.

Повелительные конструкции в косвенной речи выражаются через инфинитив. Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения do not заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not.

Просьбы в косвенной речи можно передать двумя способами

• используя if: “Will you move over please, Jim?” – He asked Jim if he would move over.

• с помощью инфинитива с частицей to: He asked Jim to move over.

Упр.7.2.1. Преобразуйте следующие высказывания в косвенную речь, используя глагол to tell в случае приказания и глагол to ask в случае просьбы.

Пример: “Come into the sitting-room.”

She told (asked) me to come into the room.

“Don’t go there.”

She told (asked) me not to go there.

1. “Don’t sit down by the window.” g. “Ask at the station.”

2. “Ring me this evening.” h. “Have another piece of cake.”

3. “Look in the cupboard.” i. “Write to Head Office about it.”

4. “Take a couple of aspirins.” j. “Take it back to the shop where you bought it.”

5. “Pour yourself another whisky.” k. “Explain to them what happened.”

6. “Don’t be late, please.” l. “Don’t open the book.”

*Упр.7.2.2. Преобразуйте высказывания в косвенную речь.

1. “If you see him ask him to ring me”, she said.

2. “When you are driving away look into your driving mirror before turning right”, said my instructor.

3. “Get the car off the road or to the verge if you have a puncture. Don’t leave it on the road”, said my father.

4. “If the lift should stop between two floors press the emergency button”, he said.

5. “If you don’t like the programme switch to another channel”, I said to her.