- •Моя специальность – энергообеспечение предприятий My speciality is heat and power engineering
- •140106.65 "Энергообеспечение предприятий"
- •Введение
- •Part I Unit 1. Future of energy
- •1. Read what people say about different fuels and energy sources.
- •3. Work with a partner.
- •4. A) Anna Smith at elec received this email invitation to a seminar. Complete the email with the given expressions.
- •The Fuel Cell
- •6. How would you answer these questions in a discussion forum? Use information from the text and flow chart above, and phrases.
- •7. Delegates at the conference break for lunch. Complete this conversation using words and phrases given below. Then listen to the dialogue and compare your version with the one you've listened to.
- •8. Work with a partner to do this role-play.
- •9. The conference programme contains a talk on the hydrogen-based economy. Look at these sentences.
- •12. Do you know if there are international projects concerning energy? Read this newspaper article and discuss the following questions.
- •Lack of Vision
- •Unit 2. My future speciality
- •1. Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your comprehension.
- •4. Translate the word combinations (pay attention to prepositions) and use them in sentences of your own:
- •5. Translate the following term combinations:
- •6. Read and translate the text. My speciality
- •Exercises
- •2. Find in the text sentences in the Passive Voice and translate them into Russian.
- •4. Supply prepositions consulting the given list.
- •7. Answer the questions to test your comprehension.
- •Part II Unit 1. Applying for a job preparatory work
- •Job application
- •Curriculum vitae (cv)
- •Your career history
- •Exercises
- •1. Work in pairs. Decide where you in your country and in your line of business would normally give this information:
- •5. Find out about your partner's career. Ask about his or her:
- •7. Fiona Weaver decides to apply for one of the posts. Study her cv below.
- •9. Study the advertisements on the following pages. Select suitable job for you.
- •International mechanical/electrical projects јneg and generous benefits
- •10. Study the chart.
- •11. Complete the blanks in this text using information from the chart.
- •12. Read the text again to find the answers to these questions.
- •13. Imagine your future career and describe your ideal company and post you would like to take up. Unit 2. Lifestyles and work
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •3. Making predictions about the reading. What do you think you will read about in the text World-Class Workaholics below? Write down three ideas, situations and words.
- •4. In small groups, discuss the issues below. Report to another group.
- •5. Skim the text and do the tasks given below. Here are the words you may need:
- •World-class workaholics: are crazy hours and takeout dinners the elixir of American success?
- •6. Write what yon have learned from the text and discuss with the partner how different (or how close) your expectations are.
- •8. Answer the questions below making inferences from the text about the following values: time, hard work, success/achievement.
- •10. Discussion "What are the historical, cultural and economic roots of workaholism?" Expand on the following:
- •12. The following pie graph portrays the results of the survey held in Russia. Working with your partner, examine the graph and discuss the questions below.
- •Unit 3. Foreign languages in your speciality
- •1. Skim the text and do the tasks given below. Here are the words you may need:
- •Languages may help you go places in industry
- •2. Make your choice. The author assumes that:
- •3. Look through the text and give a list of international words which have the same meaning in Russian. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •5. Skim the text again and make a plan.
- •6. Make a short summary.
- •7. Translate the following and use the italicized words in discussion.
- •8. Discussion.
- •10. Discuss the problem in groups of 3–5 students. You may find the following expressions helpful:
- •Vocabulary in use
- •What's your job?
- •Work: duties, conditions and pay What do you do?
- •Working hours
- •Exercises
- •Appendix Transcripts
- •Communication at conference
- •1. Phrases to be used at the conference
- •2. Taking part in discussion
- •А. Improve your Communication Skill
- •B. Discussion. Asking and Answering Questions
- •3. Discussion. Expressing an Opinion
- •4. Outline of a Paper / Communication / Report
- •Supplementary texts: Renewable sources of energy
- •Text 1. Solar light by night
- •Text 2. Non-traditional renewable sources of energy
- •Text 3. New energy from old sources
- •Text 4. Development of a wind energy system in the Murmansk region
- •Text 5. Solar energy
- •Text 6. A general evaluation of the region's hydroenergy resources
- •Text 7. Non-traditional sources of energy
- •Text 8. Energy of seas and oceans
- •Text 9. Wind energy application trends
- •Text 10. Biomass – energy from organic materials
- •Text 11. Nuclear Fusion - the Way Forward?
- •Использованная литература
Text 9. Wind energy application trends
The majority of industrial enterprises, cities, and settlements of the Murmansk region receive their energy from the grid of Kola Energy System. A large number of remote consumers in the area – small settlements and villages, weather stations, beacons, border patrol quarters, and sites of the Russian Northern Fleet – are isolated from the grid and receive energy from independent diesel power plants (DPPs). The capacity of a DPP ranges between 8 to 16 kW and 300 to 500 kW. The total number of such installations in the region numbers a few dozen.
Because of their decentralization and significant distance to grid-based energy sources, as well as their relatively low power consumption, plugging remote consumers into the central power supply is economically inexpedient. That is why diesel power stations will remain the only energy suppliers for these consumers in the foreseeable future.
A DPP's operation involves considerable costs incurred from burning expensive fuel. Diesel fuel prices are high not only because the fuel is of better quality than fuel oil, but also because its transportation is quite costly.
For instance, the coasts of the Barents and White Seas receive their diesel fuel deliveries by sea. Sea-going oil tankers unload fuel to coastal settlements as they cruise along the shoreline. If no berths can be used for unloading operations, the tankers are unloaded at offshore terminals with the help of small-size vessels. Transportation from the coastline to areas located further from the shore is performed by motor vehicles, tractors, sledge trains, and sometimes by air.
Due to location and their poor transport arteries, fuel prices increased in the coastal areas of the Kola Peninsula and in the more inaccessible inland areas.
Under these conditions, the use of wind energy converters can provide contribution to cutting high diesel fuel expenses. The degree of economizing depends on local wind potential and the diesel power station's operating load. According to estimations, a wind energy converter operating in an area with favorable wind conditions can replace between 30 % and 50 % – and in the windiest places, up to 60 % or 70 % – of the hard-to-obtain fossil fuel. In the long run, introducing WECs will allow to reduce the total costs of producing and consuming electric energy.
Text 10. Biomass – energy from organic materials
Wood was once our main fuel. We burned it to heat our houses and cook our food. Wood still provides a small percentage of the energy we use, but its importance as an energy source is dwindling. Sugar cane is grown in some areas, and can be fermented to make alcohol, which can be burned to generate power. Alternatively, the cane can be crushed and the pulp (called "bagasse") can be burned, to make steam to drive turbines. Other solid wastes, can be burned to provide heat, or used to make steam for a power station. "Bioconversion" uses plant and animal wastes to produce "biofuels" such as methanol, natural gas, and oil. We can use rubbish, animal manure, woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes.
Biomass can be burned to get the heat for our hoses, or to get energy for a car engine, or for some other purposes.
Sugar cane is harvested and taken to a mill, where it is crushed to extract the juice. The juice is used to make sugar, whilst the left-over pulp, called "bagasse" can be burned in a power station. The station usually provides power for the sugar mill, as well as selling electricity to the surrounding area. It is claimed that biofuels will help us to reduce our reliance on fossil-fuel oil, and that this is a good thing. On the other hand, it is also claimed that it takes a huge amount of land to grow enough crops to make the amount of biofuels we'd need. Who is right? Should we use more biofuels and less fossil fuels? Think about the carbon dioxide – there are similar CO2 emissions from biofuel-powered vehicles being petrol-powered ones. It is claimed that growing plants to make biofuels absorb in that carbon dioxide again. But biologists tell us that forests are not the lungs of the planet after all – they give out as much CO2 as they absorb as the plants respire.
Biomass is renewable, as we're going to carry on making waste products anyway.
In the list of non-conventional and renewable energy sources bioenergy is found in wood waste and the organic waste of the livestock and poultry farming industries. The technical potential of these resources in the Murmansk region is small in comparison to other energy sources. It is obvious that utilizing biodegradable waste resources is of certain interest to small and isolated populated areas and localities where these wastes are generated. Timber and wood waste have been used by mankind for centuries. Biodegradable wastes generated from livestock and poultry farming constitute a "younger" energy source, but various technologies developed in the past decades to efficiently recycle these raw materials have finally reached polar regions as well. In particular, they have been successfully applied in the Kovdor region of Murmansk, where biogas is produced with the help of bio-energy converters.