2. Listen to the text “Bringing the automobile to the common man” and try to understand it.

3. True or false statements:

1. During the 1920s the Ford Motor Company increased much of its popularity with the American public.

2. He closed his factories for 18 months to prepare for a new Ford car.

3. Ford was genuine folk hero to the American people.

4. Like many an autocrat who clings to power too long, Henry Ford went to his grave belatedly.

5. Henry Ford designed the central power station which became the model for the first public electric plant in New York City.

4. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions:

1. When did the company lose much of it’s popularity?

2. What was changing the situation?

3. He contributed more than $40 million to charitable causes, didn’t he?

4. What were his another charitable contributions?

5. Why was Ford a technological genius?

V Communicative skills.

Topic for discussion: The main application of rotary motion drives in mechanical engineering.

Unit 13 Topic: Machine

1. Pre-reading tasks.

a) you will read a text about work of machines. What do you know about types of simple machines and complex machines?

b) Read and memorise the following words and word-combinations in their specialized.

enable – давати можливість

manipulate – маніпулювати

lessen – зменшатися

screw – гайка, гвинт

subsequently – внаслідок

lever – важіль

pulley – блок, шків

axle – вісь, вал

2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. What is Machine

Machine, simple device that affects the force, or effort, needed to do a certain amount of work. Machines can make a tough job seem easier by enabling a person to apply less force or to apply force in a direction that is easier to manipulate. Machines lessen the force needed to perform work by lengthening the distance over which the force is applied. Although less force is subsequently used, the amount of work that results remains the same. Machines can also increase the speed at which work makes an object travel, but increasing speed requires the application of more effort.

There are four types of simple machines: the lever, the pulley, the inclined plane, and the wheel and axle. Each machine affects the direction or the amount of effort needed to do work. Most mechanical machines, such as automobiles or power tools, are complex machines composed of many parts. However, no matter how complicated a machine is, it is composed of some combination of the four simple machines. Although these simple machines have been known and used for thousands of years, no other simple machines have been discovered. Two other common simple machines, the screw and the wedge, are really adaptations of the inclined plane.

Some common examples of simple machines are the shovel (a form of lever), the pulley at the top of a flagpole, the steering wheel of an automobile (a form of wheel and axle), and the wheelchair ramp (a form of inclined plane). An everyday example of a complex machine is the can opener, which combines a lever (the hinged handle), a wheel and axle (the turning knob), and a wedge (the sharpened cutting disk).

Machines help people do work by changing the amount of force and the distance needed to move objects. Work, in physics, is the amount of force used to move an object multiplied by the distance over which the force is applied. This can be written in mathematical terms:

Work = Force * Distance

Force is defined as a push or a pull exerted on one body by another, such as a hand pushing a book across a table. Distance refers to the distance a load is moved by the force. The advantage that a machine gives its user by affecting the amount of force needed is called the machine's mechanical advantage, or MA. Knowing the mechanical advantage of a machine allows a user to predict how much force is needed to lift a given object.

3. Find the answers to the questions:

1. What can machine make?

2. What can machine increase?

3. What types of simple machines do you known?

4. How do machines help people do work?

5. What are force and distance?

4. Complete the sentences:

1. ... needed to do a certain amount of work.

2. Machines can also increase the speed ... .

3. There are four types of simple.

4. ... are complex machines composed of many parts.

5. Two other common simple machines ... .

5. Match the following English words and word-combinations.

1. device a) напрямок

2. force b) швидкість

3. speed c) зусилля, намагання

4. direction d) кількість

5. effort e)прилад, пристрій

6. amount f) відстань

7. distance g) відкривати

8. discover h) сила

9. lever i) колесо, руль, штурвал

10. wheel j) важель

6. True of false statements:

1. Machine, simple device that generates a certain amount of heat in operation.

2. Machines can also increase the speed at which work makes an object travel.

3. All four simple machines can be used to decrease the amount of force.

4. One of the most commonly used simple machine is a generator.

5. A wheel, axle, a wedge are examples of complex machines.

II Retell the text “What is machine”.

III Rendering.

1. Read the text and translate t into Ukrainian using new words in their specialized meanings below.

1. determine – встановлювати, визначати

2. imperfect – незавершений

3. compute – вираховувати

4. crankshaft – колінчатий вал

5. dissipate – розсіювать, промотувать