- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Engineering is one of the oldest occupations in the history of mankind
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •History of Mechanical Engineering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Engineering materials
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •Mechanical Properties of Materials
- •2. Listen to the text “The Materials Cycle and the Role of Materials science and Engineering” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false statements.
- •4. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions.
- •V. Communicative skills
- •1. The elements which are the building blocks for all materials.
- •3. Physical and some other properties of Materials.
- •Physical and Some Other Properties of Materials
- •4. Properties of Materials.
- •Analyze the table “Properties” below.
- •Resume, what do Properties of Materials imply? Tell about Mechanical, Physical, Chemical, Dimensional properties of Materials particularly.
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •For structural and wear applications
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-metallic Materials. Advantages and Limitations of Non-metallic Materials for Structural and Wear Application”.
- •III. Rendering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Metals. Iron and Steel
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Metals. Iron and Steel”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Classification of iron and steel. Methods of manufacture
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Heat Treatment of Steels. Heat Treatment Operations
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Heat Treatment of Steels”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Heat-Treatment Operations
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Aluminum”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Other engineering metals and their alloys
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Lathes
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Lathes”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text about machining of metals, analyze the table and translate all the information into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Machining of metals
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Cutting Tools
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Cutting Tools”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and analyze the pictures.
Unit 1
Topic: Engineering
I. Reading skills
1. Pre-reading tasks
a) You will read a text about engineering as one of the oldest occupations in the history of mankind.
What do you know about engineering?
What do modern engineering mechanics deal with?
b) Read and remember the following words and word combinations used in their specialized meanings.
accuracy [ʹækjərəsi] n точність
affect [əʹfekt] v впливати, призначати
arrow [ʹærəu] n стріла
chip [t∫ip] v стругати, обтісувати
device [diʹvais] n пристрій, механізм
efficient [iʹfi∫(ə)nt] adj умілий, кваліфікований, знаючий свою справу
effort [ʹefət] n зусилля
engineering [‚endʒiʹni(ə)riŋ] n інженерна майстерність
forerunner [ʹfƆ:‚rʌnə] n передвісник
heritage [ʹheritidʒ] n спадщина
lathe [leið] n токарний верстат
machine [məʹ∫i:n] n верстат
machine [məʹ∫i:n] v піддавати механічній обробці, обробляти на верстаті
mechanic [miʹkænik] n механік
mechanics [miʹkæniks] n механіка
property [ʹpropəti] n властивість, якість
repetitive (work) [riʹpetitiv] adj (робота), що повторюється
rock [rok] n камінь, булижник; скельова порода
simultaneously [sim(ə)lʹteiniəsli] adj одночасно
spear [spiə] n дротик
substance [ʹsʌbstəns] n матеріал, речовина
succeed [səkʹsi:d] v добитися, досягати успіхів
tool [tu:l] v 1) піддавати механічній обробці; 2) обтісувати (камінь); 3) обробляти різцем метал
tool [tu:l] n 1) інструмент; 2) верстат
toolmaker [ʹtu:l‚meikə] n інструментальник
transmission [trænzʹmi∫(ə)n] n передача, пересилка, пропускання
trial [ʹtraiəl] n випробування, проба
2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Engineering is one of the oldest occupations in the history of mankind
Engineering is one of the oldest occupations in the history of mankind. Indeed, without the skills that are included in the fields of engineering and mechanics, our present-day civilization could never have evolved. The first toolmakers who chipped arrows and spears from rock were the forerunners of modern mechanical engineers.
Since ancient times mechanical engineers have been faced problems involving the control of forces, studied the properties of materials to be used and created machines.
So, mechanics are known as the builders of machines or their users.
Today mechanics know about all the machines, tools, processes, and materials used in manufacturing.
The first professional trials were made in Ancient Egypt, where mechanical devices and the transmission of power were first evolved.
The earliest machine tool, defined as a machine, driven by power, which could produce different forms in a metallic substance by continually repeated cuts, was the lathe.
A primitive type, known as the bow-lathe, was used in Ancient Syria, and succeeded by the pole-lathe. In both of these machines the revolutions were alternately forward, for cutting, and backward. The lathe driven by a wheel is of much later date, and did not appear until about the 14th century. Even then, its use did not become widespread in the West until the 19th century when it displaced the older forms, though in the East the cord-lathe is still found.
The development of simple tools into more complex designs to replace manual labor is comparatively recent, and may generally be considered as having begun near the end of the eighteenth century.
The history of civilization since that time has been so profoundly affected by the work of the engineer and the mechanic that the past and the present century may well be called the “age of machinery”.
Modern engineering mechanics deal with the machine tools, electrically driven, brightly coloured, operated by a complex system of push-buttons, and automatically controlled by electronic devices.
The function of a tool being to economize in human effort, every attempt has been made to improve the design of tools used for repetitive work. This has meant a greater use of automatic operation. Simultaneously, accuracy, speed and scale of operation have been greatly increased. Hence, engineering mechanics must be efficient, know mechanical heritage and construct new machines.