3. Find the answers to the questions.

1. What is the designation of Lathe?

2. What is Lathe?

3. When was a primitive type of Lathe used?

4. When was the lathe driven by a wheel appeared?

5. When was the greatest inventions of history of Lathes occurred?

6. Who was responsible for invention of sawing machine?

7. Who developed the planing machine and the screw-cutting lathe?

8. Who had a greater influence on machine tools than any other engineer?

9. Who first invented a milling machine?

10. Who invented boring machine?

11. How are lathes used?

12. What is “engine lathe”?

13. How are gears changed for cutting threads?

14. How are toolmaker’s lathe classified?

15. What types of lathes do you know and what are their distinguishing characteristics?

4. Complete the sentences.

1. Lathe is …

2. In 1814 Joseph Braham made …

3. Dr. Hooke first invented …

4. … designed the first type of lathe, which was identical with those of modern times.

5. Lathes in general are used for …

6. The most common type of lathe is usually known by manufactures as …

7. The term “engine” means …

8. The turret lathe is so named because …

9. The bench lathe is intended for …

10. Many types of lathes are different in …

5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. bench lathe a. гвинтова різьба

2. engine lathe b. полірувальний верстат

3. gear c. механічний інструмент, ріжучий інструмент

4. lapping machine d. розточувальний верстат

5. thread e. супорт ковзання

6. boring mill f. універсальний токарний верстат

7. plain surface g. карусельний токарний верстат

8. crankshaft lathe h. шестерня

9. slide-rest i. настільний токарний верстат

10. machine tool j. рівна поверхня

6. True or false statements.

1. Lathe is equipment for machining of metals.

2. A primitive type was used in Ancient Greece.

3. Joseph Clement developed the lapping machine.

4. Dr. Hooke invented a milling machine in 1764.

5. Lathes are used for three operations.

6. The most common type of lathe is known by manufactures as an bench lathe.

7. The tool-room is classified according to the general class of work for which the lathe is designed.

8. The automatic lathe is designed for polishing.

II. Retell the text “Lathes”

III. Rendering

1. Read the text about machining of metals, analyze the table and translate all the information into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Machining of metals

The machining of metals is the processes of removing chips from the metal parts. These processes include turning, planing, shaping, drilling, boring, reaming, sawing, broaching, milling and grinding. Machining operations lie at the basic of all modern industrial production.

Let us surmise the essence of every process.

The process of the machining of metals	B. explanation	C. Ukrainian equivalent
1. turning	shaping a metal object using a special tool	надання форми розвертування дроблення стругання фрезерування розточка протяжка, прошивка обточка, токарна обробка розпилювання свердлування
2. planing	a process of making metal surface smooth. (The plane is a tool that has a flat bottom with a sharp blade in it)
3. shaping	a process means reaching the necessary standard, developing into a clear definite form.
4. drilling	a process of making a hole in metal body, initiating a hole.
5. boring	a process of making a deep hole using special equipment, enlarging the hole already existing.
6. reaming	an operation enlarging a machined hole to accurate size with a smooth finish.
7. sawing	removing chips by cutting its off; cutting something. (The Saw is a tool that you use for cutting. It has a flat blade with an edge cut into many V-shapes)
8. broaching	a machining method in which one or more cutters (broaches) with a series of teeth are pushed or pulled across a surface to machine that part to the desired shape.
9. milling	crushing grains, shaping metal in a machine or pressing or rolling metal.
10. grinding	crushing; the only method of cutting such materials as hardened steel; grinding is performed with a rotating abrasive wheel

2. Match the English terms in column A with their equivalents in column C.

3. Make up a plan in the form of questions.

4. Give the summary of the text and the information from the table in a written form.

IV. Comprehensive skills

1. Read and remember.

be capable of v бути здатним до

blacksmith [’blæksmiθ] n коваль

bolster [’bəulstə] v підпирати валиком

carriage [’kæridʒ] n супорт, несучий пристрій

pulley [’puli] n ролик

reproductive [‚ri:prə’dʌktiv] adj відтворювальний

spin v крутитися

spindle [’spindl] n втулка, стержень

tailstock n задня бабка (верстати)

2. Listen to the text “An Engine Lathe” and try to understand it.

3. True or false statements.

1. An engine lathe is a vertically shaped piece of machinery that is used to turn metal manually.

2. The engine lathe is used for spinning sheet metals only.

3. The engine lathe is often referred as a reproductive machine.

4. The hole-drilling process takes place in the spindle.

5. Engine lathes are not widely used today.

4. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions.

1. Where is an engine lathe often used?

2. The engine lathe is used for drilling, making square blocks and creating shafts, isn’t?

3. Why is the engine lathe often referred as a reproductive machine?

4. What does an engine lathe include?

5. When were engine lathes popular at blacksmith shop?

V. Communicative skills

Topics for discussion:

1. The main machining operations.

2. Types of lathes and their distinguishing characteristics.

Unit 8

Topic: Cutting tools

1. Pre-reading tasks

a) You will read a text about cutting tools.

• What were cutting tools made of from your point of view?

b) Read and remember the following words in their specialized meanings.

armour plate n броньований щит, броньована плита

carbide [’ka:baid] n карбід

carbon steel n вуглецева сталь

chatter [’t∫ætə] n вібрація

clearance [’kliər(ə)ns] n перетин

cobalt [kəu’bƆ:lt] n кобальт

compel [kəm’pel] v добитися

cutting tool n різальний (ріжучий) інструмент

diamond [’daiəmənd] n алмаз

facing tool n підрізний різець

finishing adj чистовий

hardening steel n загартована сталь

high-speed steel n швидкорізальна сталь

pierce [piəs] v пробивати, проколювати

rake [reik]  n кут нахилу різця

rigidity [ri’dʒiditi] v жорсткий, стійкий

roughing v чорновий

shell [∫el] n щит

stellite n стеліт

tungsten [’tʌŋstən] n вольфрам