- •Содержание
- •Text 1 Computers and How They Work
- •Processing
- •1. Match a verb from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •2. What input device would you use for these tasks?
- •3. Complete each sentence by choosing from the following devices: memory stick, hard disk, cDs, dvDs, touch screen, trackball, touchpad, webcam.
- •4. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •Input processing storage output rom ram cpu software
- •5. Create a crossword puzzle for 20 of the computer terms found in this article.
- •The Internet: What’s all fuss?
- •Who uses it?
- •Its Benefits
- •How did the Internet begin?
- •1. Read the article and answer the questions.
- •2. What do isp, html, url and http stand for? Match these terms with their meanings.
- •3. Match a word from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •4. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •5. Make a list of the ways you use the Internet for study, at work and in your free time. Text 3 Computer Viruses? What really is it?
- •1. Read the article and mark the statements true (t) or false (f).
- •2. Read the article again and answer the questions.
- •3. Match a verb from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •4. Find words in the article which fit these meanings.
- •5. Use the words from Exercise 4 to complete these sentences.
- •Text 4 Microsoft aims Windows 8 storage at enterprise data centers
- •1. Read the article and answer the questions.
- •3. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •4. Match a word from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •1. Read the article and choose the best headline.
- •2. Read the article again and answer the questions.
- •3. Match a verb from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •4. Find words in the article which fit these meaning.
- •5. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •Text 6 using computers
- •Input devices
- •Text 7 can a computer respond to the human voice?
- •Information, people, one, processing, accurately, programmer, computers, instructions, components
- •Inevitably
- •Text 8 Cloud and Security
- •1. Match the words with their definitions:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Find the words in the text which have similar meanings:
- •4. Match the words to make word expressions:
- •5. Translate the chains of nouns:
- •Text 9 Compiling or interpreting
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. True or false:
- •3. Choose the right preposition:
- •4. Choose the following words:
- •Text 10 Term information technology
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Choose true or false:
- •3. Put the following sentences logically in the right order according to the text:
- •4. Match the sentence halves:
- •Text 11 Taking computer for granted
- •VIII. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •IX. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •X. Give the opposites of the following words.
- •XI. Give the synonyms of the following words:
- •XII. What verbs frequently precede these words?
- •Match the expressions with their definitions:
- •Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 12 strap on some eyephones and you are virtually there
- •VII. True or false?
- •Read the words as they are used in the following sentences and try to come up with your own definition:
- •Put the proper words into sentences:
- •Guess the meaning of the italicized words:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Give the opposites of the following words:
- •Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 13 computer systems
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Match each component in column a with its function in column b:
- •IX. Give the opposites of the following words:
- •X. True or false?
- •XI. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •XII. Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words:
- •XIII. Are you baffled by computer language? Choose a, b, c or d. (Only one choice is correct)
- •XIV. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 14 the first hackers
- •VII. Put the proper words into sentences:
- •XII. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •XIII. Match the words given in the left column with their definitions in the right column.
- •XIV. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 15 the development of computers: prehistory
- •XI. Match the words given in the left column with their definitions in the right column.
- •XII. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •XIII. Match the sentence halves:
- •XIV. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 16 Security and privacy issues in the pdf document format
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the most suitable word (a-f from task 1) to complete the sentences.
- •What is described in the text as:
- •Look through the text and say whether these statements are true, false or not mentioned.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 17 Making the web more accessible to people with disabilities and special needs
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from task 1.
- •Match the words and phrases that go together in a and b and translate them.
- •Which verbs form the following adjectives? Translate both verbs and adjectives into Russian.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Text 18 Programmable nanowire circuits for nanoprocessors
- •Match the terms with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with the following words: architecture, transistor, sensor, nano, circuit, volatile, approach.
- •Match the words and phrases that go together in a and b and translate them.
- •Find the Russian equivalents of the terms:
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 19 New wireless technology developed for faster, more efficient networks
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with the following words: feasible; setup; transmitter; headphones; wireless network; receiver; channel; whisper; filter out.
- •Match the sentence halves.
- •Correct the statements according to the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 20 New device may revolutionize computer memory
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from task 1 and translate them.
- •Find the Russian equivalents of the following terms.
- •Put the following sentences logically in the right order according to the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 21 a textbook manoeuvre
- •II) Match these words to make word expressions:
- •Text 22 beyond the pc
- •I) Choose the most suitable word to complete the sentence:
- •Text 23 Measuring the black web
- •I) Define the main idea of the text:
- •II) Look through the text and say whether these statements are true, false or not mentioned (t/f/nm). Correct the false ones:
- •Vocabulary
- •I) Find the words in the text that mean the same as following:
- •II) Match the English words with Russian equivalents:
- •Text 24 Facebook's Timeline irks some users
- •Text 25 How shoppers with smartphones are changing the retail landscape
- •I) Match the headings to the correct paragraph:
- •II) Match the sentence halves:
- •Vocabulary
- •I) Find words and phrases in the text which have similar meanings:
- •II) Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Text 26 Computer software
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Complete the sentences, using the text. Translate into Russian. Retell briefly.
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English. Use the information from the text.
- •4. Match the words and word-combinations from the columns.
- •5. Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words:
- •6. Define the main idea of each paragraph. Text 27 Operating systems
- •1. Define the main idea of each paragraph.
- •2. Find the sentence expressing the main idea in each paragraph.
- •3. Complete the sentences. Retell the text, using the answers.
- •4. Match the words and word-combinations from the columns.
- •5. Look through the text and say whether these statements are true, false or not mentioned:
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •Text 28 a modem
Text 6 using computers
Almost every medium-sized or large company will use computers to help run the office. You will probably have to work with a computer in your day-to-day duties, so you will need to know something about computers and the way they are used. A computer really does make office life easier because it can do all sorts of different jobs.
The same computer could be used, for example, as a word processor, for filing, printing invoices, working out statistics for the accounts department, and communicating with other offices.
When a company decides to install a computer (of any size), it usually gets a systems analyst to study the ways in which the machine might best be used. The system analyst will recommend what kinds of program and computer equipment are required. Programming is for experts. Computer programs are written in languages with names that are usually abbreviations or acronyms: Cobol (Common Business Oriented Language), RPG (Report Program Generator), Fortran (FORmula TRANslator), BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code).
Many companies buy ready-written programs' «off the shelf», or buy programs that can be tailored to specific needs but are mostly standard. This reduces the cost of the system, for programming is very expensive and time-consuming. Once it is installed and running, a well- designed computer system can take over much of the routine (and boring) work and at the same time provide accurate information about the business quickly and efficiently.
In practice, the office computer system may appear to be more complicated. A typical business microcomputer system consists of the computer, fitted with two disk drives, a monitor, and a printer. Microcomputers generally use 5 ¼ — or 3 ½-inch disks, which are protected by a square plastic sleeve or pack. In some cases, the computer may require two programs. The list of these is called the operating system. Operating systems have names like CP/M, Unix and MS-DOS. The operating system is really just a program that tells the computer how to control the disk drive, printer, and whatever else is attached. After the operating system is loaded, the main program, which may be on a separate disk, can go in.
Once the program starts up, the screen will tell you what to do. Some programs are more obscure than others. One may say «Put data disk on drive 2», another may say «I/O D2?» which may require the look at the instruction manual for translation. Programs are getting better— more «user-friendly» in this respect. Word processing programs are generally easy to use. It is impossible to harm the computer by pressing the wrong keys. Sometimes microcomputers are linked together in what is called a network.
Notes:
invoice - счет
obscure - малоизвестный
Exercise 1. Read through the text carefully, then answer the following questions.
How does a computer make office life easier?
Who decides what sort of equipment to install?
Do you need to know which language a computer uses?
What is the advantage of using ready-written programs?
What are the basic components of a microcomputer system?
What's an operating system?
What information can be found in the instruction manual?
What do you think «user-friendly» means?
What is a network?
Exercise 2. Match each English term in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalent from the right-hand column and learn these computer terms.
1) |
microcomputer |
a) |
устройство ввода |
2) |
output device |
b) |
терминалы |
3) |
peripheral devices |
c) |
файл |
4) |
secondary storage |
d) |
экран дисплея |
5) |
software |
e) |
память |
6) |
data processing |
f) |
программное обеспечение |
7) |
keyboard |
g) |
дискеты |
8) |
disk driver |
h) |
микрокомпьютер |
9) |
hardware |
i) |
устройство вывода |
10) |
programming language |
j) |
дисководы |
11) |
network |
k) |
компьютерная сеть |
12) |
monitor |
1) |
клавиатура |
13) |
file |
m) |
язык программирования |
14) |
printer |
n) |
вторичная память |
15) |
display screen |
o) |
обработка данных |
16) |
memory |
P) |
монитор |
17) |
terminals |
q) |
принтер |
18) |
input device |
r) |
периферийные устройства |
19) |
diskettes |
s) |
аппаратная часть |
Exercise 3. Study the following computer terms.