- •Содержание
- •Text 1 Computers and How They Work
- •Processing
- •1. Match a verb from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •2. What input device would you use for these tasks?
- •3. Complete each sentence by choosing from the following devices: memory stick, hard disk, cDs, dvDs, touch screen, trackball, touchpad, webcam.
- •4. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •Input processing storage output rom ram cpu software
- •5. Create a crossword puzzle for 20 of the computer terms found in this article.
- •The Internet: What’s all fuss?
- •Who uses it?
- •Its Benefits
- •How did the Internet begin?
- •1. Read the article and answer the questions.
- •2. What do isp, html, url and http stand for? Match these terms with their meanings.
- •3. Match a word from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •4. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •5. Make a list of the ways you use the Internet for study, at work and in your free time. Text 3 Computer Viruses? What really is it?
- •1. Read the article and mark the statements true (t) or false (f).
- •2. Read the article again and answer the questions.
- •3. Match a verb from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •4. Find words in the article which fit these meanings.
- •5. Use the words from Exercise 4 to complete these sentences.
- •Text 4 Microsoft aims Windows 8 storage at enterprise data centers
- •1. Read the article and answer the questions.
- •3. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •4. Match a word from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •1. Read the article and choose the best headline.
- •2. Read the article again and answer the questions.
- •3. Match a verb from a with a word or phrase from b to make phrases from the article.
- •4. Find words in the article which fit these meaning.
- •5. Use the words in the box to complete these sentences.
- •Text 6 using computers
- •Input devices
- •Text 7 can a computer respond to the human voice?
- •Information, people, one, processing, accurately, programmer, computers, instructions, components
- •Inevitably
- •Text 8 Cloud and Security
- •1. Match the words with their definitions:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Find the words in the text which have similar meanings:
- •4. Match the words to make word expressions:
- •5. Translate the chains of nouns:
- •Text 9 Compiling or interpreting
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. True or false:
- •3. Choose the right preposition:
- •4. Choose the following words:
- •Text 10 Term information technology
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Choose true or false:
- •3. Put the following sentences logically in the right order according to the text:
- •4. Match the sentence halves:
- •Text 11 Taking computer for granted
- •VIII. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •IX. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •X. Give the opposites of the following words.
- •XI. Give the synonyms of the following words:
- •XII. What verbs frequently precede these words?
- •Match the expressions with their definitions:
- •Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 12 strap on some eyephones and you are virtually there
- •VII. True or false?
- •Read the words as they are used in the following sentences and try to come up with your own definition:
- •Put the proper words into sentences:
- •Guess the meaning of the italicized words:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Give the opposites of the following words:
- •Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 13 computer systems
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Match each component in column a with its function in column b:
- •IX. Give the opposites of the following words:
- •X. True or false?
- •XI. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •XII. Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words:
- •XIII. Are you baffled by computer language? Choose a, b, c or d. (Only one choice is correct)
- •XIV. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 14 the first hackers
- •VII. Put the proper words into sentences:
- •XII. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •XIII. Match the words given in the left column with their definitions in the right column.
- •XIV. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 15 the development of computers: prehistory
- •XI. Match the words given in the left column with their definitions in the right column.
- •XII. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •XIII. Match the sentence halves:
- •XIV. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Text 16 Security and privacy issues in the pdf document format
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the most suitable word (a-f from task 1) to complete the sentences.
- •What is described in the text as:
- •Look through the text and say whether these statements are true, false or not mentioned.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 17 Making the web more accessible to people with disabilities and special needs
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from task 1.
- •Match the words and phrases that go together in a and b and translate them.
- •Which verbs form the following adjectives? Translate both verbs and adjectives into Russian.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Text 18 Programmable nanowire circuits for nanoprocessors
- •Match the terms with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with the following words: architecture, transistor, sensor, nano, circuit, volatile, approach.
- •Match the words and phrases that go together in a and b and translate them.
- •Find the Russian equivalents of the terms:
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 19 New wireless technology developed for faster, more efficient networks
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with the following words: feasible; setup; transmitter; headphones; wireless network; receiver; channel; whisper; filter out.
- •Match the sentence halves.
- •Correct the statements according to the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 20 New device may revolutionize computer memory
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from task 1 and translate them.
- •Find the Russian equivalents of the following terms.
- •Put the following sentences logically in the right order according to the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text 21 a textbook manoeuvre
- •II) Match these words to make word expressions:
- •Text 22 beyond the pc
- •I) Choose the most suitable word to complete the sentence:
- •Text 23 Measuring the black web
- •I) Define the main idea of the text:
- •II) Look through the text and say whether these statements are true, false or not mentioned (t/f/nm). Correct the false ones:
- •Vocabulary
- •I) Find the words in the text that mean the same as following:
- •II) Match the English words with Russian equivalents:
- •Text 24 Facebook's Timeline irks some users
- •Text 25 How shoppers with smartphones are changing the retail landscape
- •I) Match the headings to the correct paragraph:
- •II) Match the sentence halves:
- •Vocabulary
- •I) Find words and phrases in the text which have similar meanings:
- •II) Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Text 26 Computer software
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Complete the sentences, using the text. Translate into Russian. Retell briefly.
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English. Use the information from the text.
- •4. Match the words and word-combinations from the columns.
- •5. Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words:
- •6. Define the main idea of each paragraph. Text 27 Operating systems
- •1. Define the main idea of each paragraph.
- •2. Find the sentence expressing the main idea in each paragraph.
- •3. Complete the sentences. Retell the text, using the answers.
- •4. Match the words and word-combinations from the columns.
- •5. Look through the text and say whether these statements are true, false or not mentioned:
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •Text 28 a modem
Министерство образования РФ
МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЯ И ИНФОРМАТИКИ
Кафедра иностранных языков
Сборник дополнительных текстов и упражнений по специальностям ИТ
Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку
для студентов 1 и 2 курсов факультетов ИТ
Москва 2012
УДК 802
Рекомендовано к изданию в качестве учебного пособия
Редакционно-издательским советом МГУПИ
Рецензент:
Галенко Л.Л., зав. кафедрой иностранных языков УП-7 МГУПИ.
Авторы: Солунова И.С., Демидова Л.Ф., Лосева С.В., Климова О.Ю., Козлова Н.И., Филатова Е.А., Нагоркина Ж.В. Общая редакция методического пособия – Лезёва Т.И.
Сборник дополнительных текстов и упражнений по специальностям ИТ. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов 1 и 2 курсов. – М.: МГУПИ, 2012., с. 98
Цель пособия – обучить чтению и пониманию текстов по профессиональной тематике по специальностям ИТ.
Данное пособие предназначено для студентов специальностей ИТ на профессионально-ориентированном этапе овладения иностранным языком, где особое значение уделяется углубленному профессионально ориентированному чтению и практическому использованию иностранного языка в профессиональной деятельности. Задача пособия – научить студентов читать и понимать специальную литературу для приобщения к последним мировым научным достижениям в своей профессиональной области и для потребности в профессиональном росте.
Пособие содержит аутентичные тексты на английском языке, а также упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков чтения и понимания текстов и устной речи по профессиональной тематике. Пособие способствует выработке у студентов иноязычной профессиональной коммуникативной компетенции, а также формирует у студентов стратегическую компетенцию, т. е. способность применять разные стратегии как для понимания устных/письменных текстов, так и для поддержания успешного взаимодействия при устном/письменном общении. Работа с аутентичным материалом в пособии поможет студентам выработать следующие навыки и умения для понимания профессионального текста:
1) овладеть английской терминологией в профессиональной области и достигнуть ее прочного усвоения;
2) знать специфику перевода терминов на родной и иностранный языки;
3) овладеть лексикой и фразеологией, отражающими специфику текстов профессионального характера;
4) понимать основное /общее содержание текста и его детали /подробности / отдельные факты;
5) определить основную идею всего теста и каждого абзаца;
6) уметь находить необходимую информацию в тексте и делить текст на смысловые части;
7) определить ключевые слова / моменты текста и подобрать заголовки к тексту или каждому абзацу;
8) выделить, структурировать, анализировать, резюмировать специальную и профессионально значимую информацию;
9) уметь кратко обобщить информацию и изложить текст в устном или письменном виде;
10) уметь составить план текста / аннотацию к тексту.
Пособие содержит тексты следующих авторов:
Тексты №1-5 (Солунова И.С.)
Тексты №6-8 (Демидова Л.Ф.)
Тексты №9-10 (Лосева С.В.)
Тексты № 11-15 (Климова О.Ю.)
Тексты №16-20 (Козлова Н.И.)
Тексты №21-25 (Филатова Е.А.)
Тексты №26-28 (Нагоркина Ж.В.)
Общая редакция методического пособия – Лезёва Т.И.
Содержание
Computers and How They Work 5
The Internet: What’s all fuss? 9
Computer Viruses? What really is it? 13
Microsoft aims Windows 8 storage at enterprise data centers 16
TEXT 5 20
Using Computers 23
Can a computer respond to the human voice? 27
Cloud and security 30
Compiling or interpreting 33
Term information technology 36
Taking computer for granted 38
Strap on some eyephones and you are virtually there 45
Computer systems 50
The first hackers 55
The development of computers: prehistory 15
Security and privacy issues in the PDF document format 64
Making the web more accessible to people with disabilities 67
and special needs
Programmable nanowire circuits for nanoprocessors 70
New wireless technology developed for faster, 72
more efficient networks
New device may revolutionize computer memory 75
A textbook manoeuvre 78
Beyond the PC 80
Measuring the black web 83
Facebook's Timeline irks some users 85
How shoppers with smartphones are changing the retail landscape 87
Computer software 90
Operating systems 93
A Modem 95
Text 1 Computers and How They Work
Why is it important to know how a computer works? Easy, if you don't, it will be hard to control. Computers were never built to control us even though that is how it appears. Their creation was just another tool God gave man to use to benefit society. What can you do to learn more about computers? I have an easy answer. Just read, and use computers more. They are not that hard and with time you too can become the master over this tool.
Computers, the ones we know and love have not been around all that long. The first home personal computer was not sold until 1977. We have come a long way since then. Did you know that in 1983 there were approximately 2 million personal computers in use in the United States? However just 10 years later in 1993 the number had jumped to more than 90 million. And now the number is in the hundreds of millions.
Computers today are small, fast, reliable, and extremely useful. Back in 1977 that really was not the case. However they both operated in basically the same way. They both receive data, stored data, processed data, and then output data similar the way our own brainfunctions. This article deals with those 4 functions: Memory, Processing, Input, and Output.
Memory
Let’s look at computer memory first. The function of storage in a computer comes in many different sizes, types and shapes. However there are two basic categories: short-term and long-term. A typical computer contains numerous types of memory including RAM, ROM, virtual, cache, and various long-term storage devices. Each type of computer memory serves a specific function and purpose.
Computer memory is measured in bytes. A single byte is made up of a series of 1’s and 0’s normally traveling in pairs of eight. These eight 0's and 1's are the way the computer communicates and stores information. With each keystroke or character a byte of memory is used.
ROM
ROM, or read-only memory is permanent, long-term, nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile means is doesn't disappear when the computer is shut off. It also cannot be erased or changed in anyway. However there are types of ROM called PROM that can be altered. The P stands for programmable. ROM's purpose is to store the basic input/output system (BIOS) that controls the start-up, or boot process.
RAM
RAM, or random-access memory unlike ROM works only when the computer is turned on. This memory is vital to the computer because it controls the moment by moment processes of the computer. The first thing that goes into RAM is the OS (operating system) which is most cases is Windows 95. Next for the RAM might be a game, or the Internet browser, or some type of software that you want to use.
Early personal computer only needed about 64K of RAM. Today that number is drastically higher. With photos, sounds, and even movies going into RAM, the amount need is now in the millions.
Multitasking has put more demand on RAM in the past few years. Multitasking is the ability to run more than one program at the same time. For instance, many people like to run Netscape Communicator along with their word processing software. This means you need lots of RAM to hold both programs.
Other types of temporary memory are cache (pronounced "cash") and virtual memory. Both of these types of memory supplement the computer's primary RAM and perform the same function as RAM.
RAM and ROM may be very important parts of the computer; however, without storage devices like hard drives and disk drives your computer would not be near as useful.
Here are the most common forms of Storage Devices found on your home computer: thumb drive or memory stick, hard disk (drive) or HD, CD-ROM (compact disk, read-only memory) and DVD-ROM (digital video disk, read-only memory).