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grammar and practice 2009.doc
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Economics

  1. In obtaining and using this capital, the decisions made by managers affect the overall financial success of a company

  2. Traveling on business these days means that you still need to keep in touch with the office no matter where you are.

  3. Packing goods for export is a highly specialized job.

  4. There is no problem in getting any product to any client at any time. The problem is how to do it at the most efficient cost to the company and the client.

  5. Instead of one's bank remembering to make the payment, the creditor can automatically charge one's bank account with requisite amount. These are called "direct debts".

  6. Understanding the motivation of consumers and applying this knowledge to influence their buying habits is the prime concern of consumer psychologists.

  7. The Stoical scheme of supplying our wants by cutting our desires is like cutting off our feet when we want our shoes.

  8. Knowing a store’s gross margin is useful because it is a performance measure that allows the retailer to compare how it is doing relative to other similar stores.

  9. By improving the quality of work life through satisfaction of fundamental and personal employee needs, managers attempt to direct the behavior of workers toward the company goals.

  10. Like other intangibles a service satisfies needs by providing pleasure, information, or convenience.

  11. In developing a desirable store image, the resourceful retailer has a number of choices.

  12. The expansion of trade resulted in the improvement in the foreign trade figures, with exports growing by 12%.

  13. Getting customers to change their normal buying behavior, for example convincing consumers to buy their laundry detergent or frozen pizza from a buy from catalog or over the Internet instead of from the corner supermarket, would be difficult.

  14. The poor quality of the samples prevented the buyers from making another order.

  15. Unless this is so, different groups in the economy will concentrate on trying to increase their share of the limited national cake at the expense of others

  16. The inflation rate was not high enough to start paying compensation to workers

  17. The decision of merging the companies was followed by dismissing a few hundred employees.

  18. Implementing market reforms is a lengthy process.

  19. We have succeeded in maintaining productivity level over the whole period.

  20. In establishing a refinance rate it’s necessary to take into account a monthly inflation rate.

  21. Both the companies are alike in being represented in the European market.

  22. The manager insisted on all the employees getting bonuses.

  23. Money gives us a useful means of measuring the value of things.

  24. In obtaining and using this capital, the decisions made by managers affect the overall financial success of a company.

  25. Increasing liquidity under the present system means increasing holdings of gold or pound.

  26. Being practical leads to the greatest efficiency.

  27. Instead of seeking to maximize shareholder wealth, management tries to satisfy their own welfare.

  28. After receiving the statement, the cardholder may dispute any charges that he or she thinks are incorrect (see Fair Credit Billing Act for details of the US regulations).

  29. A typical legal rationale for protecting the consumer is based on the notion of policing market failures and inefficiencies, such as inequalities of bargaining power between a consumer and a business.

  30. When a central bank is "easing", it triggers an increase in money supply by purchasing government securities on the open market thus increasing available funds for private banks to loan through fractional-reserve banking (the issue of new money through loans) and thus grows the money supply.

  31. On the other hand, an entity whose income is less than its expenditure can raise capital by borrowing or selling equity claims, decreasing its expenses, or increasing its income.

  32. Critics of neoclassical models accuse it of copying of 19th century mechanics and the "clockwork" model of society which seems to justify elite privileges as arising "naturally" from the social order based on economic competitions.

  33. However, the study was criticized by both mainstream environmental economists - for being inconsistent with assumptions of monetary valuation - and ecological economists - for being inconsistent with an ecological economics focus on biological and physical indicators.

  34. By putting more money into circulation, the central bank can stimulate demand. By taking money out of circulation, the central bank can reduce demand.

  35. Neoclassical economics is also often seen as relying too heavily on complex mathematical models, such as those used in general equilibrium theory, without enough regard to whether these actually describe the real economy.

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