Задание №3.

3.1. Измените следующие предложения, употребив глаголы в форме страдательного залога.

1. They have raised labour efficiency by means of new machinery

2. The government policy changed economic conditions in the region.

3. Demand and supply will influence prices of goods.

4. Japan produces a variety of electronic equipment.

5. The company has increased prices of its goods.

6. Under conditions of competition companies are introducing new better products.

3.2. Переведите предложения на английский язык, употребляя сказуемое в пассивном залоге (Simple, Continuous and Perfect Passive Voices).

1. Пособие по безработице выплачивается тем, кого увольняют

(unempployment benefit; to pay, to dismiss).

2. Как только было обеспечено финансирование, исследование

началось (funding; to secure), (a research; to start).

3. Это предложение будет рассмотрено позднее (the proposal; to deal

with).

4. Его доводов не слушали (arguments; to listen to).

5. Эти системы создаются в некоторых компаниях на протяжении

многих лет (to establish).

ЗАДАНИЕ №4. Замените слова в скобках на модальные глаголы can, could, must, should, have to или be to в нужной форме.

1. Today they (должны будут) prepare the document for tomorrow’s meeting.

2. Nowdays some goods manufactured in developing countries (могут) compete successfully in the world market.

3. Some economists think that such rapidly developing Asian countries as China and Taiwan (смогут) overtake the USA in high-tech in future.

4. The scientists (следует) study better how people’s activities influence the earth’s climate and ecology.

5. Some small European industrialized countries (могут) provide large credits for developing countries.

6. Belgium (вынуждена была) specialize only in some manufactured goods, for example, in cars.

7. Early in the 20th century century, developing countries (не могли) enter the world market as there were strong trade barriers.

8. A small nation (не должна) produce all manufactured goods as it (может) import them at a lower price from other countries.

ЗАДАНИЕ №5. Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную речь, соблюдая правило согласования времен. (Sequence of Tenses).

1. "I've attended two conferences this year."

2. "I can ring the Bank Manager."

3. "I've given two lectures at Princeton University."

4. "I may not be able to send you a copy of my paper shortly."

5. "I'm planning to visit Oxford."

6. "I must think about it."

7. "I'm studying an interesting problem."

8. "I can't promise you my assistance in this matter"

9. "I'll start my next paper with the statement of the problem."

ЗАДАНИЕ №6. Условные предложения 3го типа (Third Conditionals).

Образец: I didn't buy shares. I didn't get dividends.

If I had bought shares, I would have got dividends.

1. I didn't have enough money and was unable to start my own business.

2. I failed to get a mortgage to buy a flat. I didn't move to a new place.

3. My income didn't rise and my living standard didn't improve.

4. I was given a big rise in salary. I opened a savings account.

5. I bought an expensive TV set and paid for it straight away.

6. I didn't know that the shop allowed the customers to pay for expensive

things in instalments.

ЗАДАНИЕ №7. Независимый причастный оборот (Absolute participial construction).

1. В начале предложения (до запятой) переводится придаточным предложением с одним из подчинительных союзов: когда, если, так как, после того как.



The Black Sea being one of the most wonderful places in the world, many rest-homes and tourist camps are concentrated here.

(Так как Черное море одно из самых прекрасных мест в мире, многие дома отдыха и туристические лагеря расположены здесь.)

2. В конце предложения (после запятой) переводится самостоятельным

предложением с одним из сочинительных союзов: причем, при этом,

а, и, но.

The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places in the world, many rest-homes and tourist camps being concentrated here.

(Черное море одно из самых прекрасных мест в мире, и многие дома отдыха и туристические лагеря расположены здесь.)

7.1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот (Absolute participial construction).

1. There being many shops and boutiques in Disneyland Resort Paris, the

guests may buy all kinds of Disney-products.

2. Outside the resort there is a shop specializing in Disney-­clothes, the prices

being reduced up to 50 % off the regular prices.

3. The Disneyland Resort Paris being located only 32 kilometers east of

Paris, people save money on a trip to this famous tourist destination.

4. All special offers having been examined carefully, the hotel guests made

their choice.

7.2. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя необходимую форму независимого причастного оборота (Absolute participial construction).

1. Если погода позволит, мы пойдем на прогулку.

2. Так как учитель был болен, у нас не было урока математики.

3. Когда все приготовления были сделаны, они начали эксперимент.

4. Радио было изобретено в России, а его изобретателем был русский

ученый А. С. Попов.

ЗАДАНИЕ №8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на использование герундия (Gerund) после определенных выражений.

1. I am not accustomed to having my word doubted.

2. Going into debt to pay for college has become a way of life for all except the wealthy.

3. After being left for a year the experiment were taken up by another worker.

4. Charity means giving help to the poor, to those who're in need of help.

5. The courses are aimed primarily at giving the US employees the chance to learn another language.

6. Good management involves selecting people who know when to listen and when to act.

7. The only way to develop the necessary skills is by putting the knowledge into action through practice.

8. It was his secret to building a high-performing team.

9. Extensions are being made to the factory with a view to increasing the output.

10. Workers are responsible for striking but nobody is responsible for raising prices.

ЗАДАНИЕ №9. Вставьте по смыслу следующие фразовые глаголы (Phrasal Verbs).

put down to come up with put off cut down on

break into put up with turned down face up to

1. She applied for the post but was ....

2. He is too young to ... such a heavy responsibility.

3. We are not prepared to ... her absenteeism any longer.

4. The financing manager wants to ... the meeting untill next week.

5. Our rival firm is trying to ... a new market.

6. We need to ... a solution soon.

7. How can the company ... spending?

8. The failure can be ... poor quality control.

ЗАДАНИЕ №10. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject).

Образец: TV time is said to be very expensive.

Говорят, что телевизионное время очень дорого.

1) The second goal of tourist promotion is known to increase the size of the

market.

2) Publicity and advertising are considered to be two main kinds of promo-

tion.

3) He is believed to have spent 5 years in Europe.

4) Brochures were supposed to have been mailed by travel agents.

5) What are they supposed to be doing?

ЗАДАНИЕ №11. Переведите текст на русский язык и выполните задания к нему.

 ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION

 Education for young people has always been a leading social task. In all industrial societies young people from the age of 5 to 16 and sometimes older go to school. A lot of young adults then take jobs, but some - like you - go to college and a few more take advanced studies.

Education varies from country to country but it has the same economic characteristics in all countries. It improves skills which make people more productive. By means of education people are made stable members of society. Some teachers also do creative research which helps to improve technology. So education creates large economic values varying from technical productivity in factories and offices to progress of knowledge.

Various values of education are of two classes: private and social. Each student gets private benefits when he or she learns new skills which will allow them to get higher pay on the job. Besides, the job will probably be more pleasant and the person will cope with problems of modem life better.

There are also public benefits of education. First, it provides more productive workers for society, economy becomes more efficient and profitable. Without education many people do not cope with difficulties of life and tum to crime or require public support. Second, people understand social life better and they will deal with public problems more intelligently and avoid extremism. Third, greater productivity of population provides more taxes in order to pay for public needs.

The task of economics of education is to evaluate public and private benefits and make decisions how much a government is going to invest in every type of school and how the government is going to do it. As productivity and stability of population is mainly increased at school level, total public subsidies for schools are justified. For education at the college level, however, the public benefits are weaker than private benefits and full public subsidies are considered less justified than at the school level.

Education is being financed by subsidies or scholarships. Which of them are more effective is also a problem studied by economics of education.

Technologies are becoming more complex and demand for education as well as a number of qualified specialists will grow in future. With it, the role of economics of education and the scope of problems studied by it is growing in the years to come.

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What are the characteristics of education which are the same in all

countries?

2. What is the role of education in social progress?

3. What are the private benefits of education?

4. What are the public benefits of education?

5. What is the task of economics of education?

6. Why are total subsidies for schools justified? What about subsidies for

colleges?

7. How is education financed?

8. Is economics of education going to become more important in the near

future? Why?

 II. Вставьте слова в нужной форме: skill, creative, so, benefit, besides, task, scholarship, stable, stability, various, job, avoid.

1. A lot of university students get ... . ... , most of them work.

2. The growth of trade between the two countries is ....

3. What are the ... of the job?

4 .... of society is very important for fast economic growth.

5. I want to have a good ... , ... I chose economics as my profession.

6. There are .... Jobs on the labour market.

7. Not every man will cope with ... work.

8. The ... of this course is to improve your reading and speaking ... in

English.

9. Their task is ... any risk for their company.