Задание №7.
7.1. Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив выполняет функцию подлежащего.
1. To influence state affairs as well as getting a wage increase, must be their
goal.
2. It was rare to find a British engineer fluent in a foreign language.
3. It will be harmful to our interests to hasten the events.
4. It costs a lot to become a great man.
7.2. Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив выполняет функцию дополнения.
1. He asked to be shown the document.
2. She claimed to have known him before he became the Government's civil
defense chief 2 years ago.
3. The present report sets out to consider the broad aspects of continuing
education.
4. He refused to be bothered with details.
7.3. Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив выполняет функцию обстоятельства цели.
1. I'll go there at once so as not to be late.
2.To remain competitive he cannot raise prices.
3. To understand the present one has to know the past.
4. To maintain a decent standard of living and at the same time slow
the skyrocketing of total energy use, there are three things we can do.
7.4. Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив выполняет функцию определения.
1.You must define the task to be done.
2. The first thing to consider is temperature.
3. Company efforts to demoralize and divide the strikers continue.
4. There are relatively fewer people of working age to pay Social
Security taxes.
ЗАДАНИЕ №8. Переведите предложения, определяя различные функции герундия (Gerund).
He suggested our opening talks.
This experiment needs checking up.
We insist on the documents being sent immediately.
Improvements in health and medicine have resulted in people living longer.
These measures have discouraged fund managers from becoming active in their markets
They have little interest in cultivating their own market.
Being an expert in a given field is becoming more and more difficult.
You cannot have radical change without someone losing out.
They worked very hard with a view to completing the experiments in time.
This failure was due to the designer's having been careless.
ЗАДАНИЕ №9. Переведите текст на русский язык и выполните задания к нему.
APPLIED FIELDS OF ECONOMICS
There is a basic theory and facts in economics, in which all economists are interested. However, economics has some main applied fields that deal with specific topics, such as industrial economics, agricultural economics, economics of energy, economics of education, labour economics, etc.
Industrial organization and structure are studied by industrial economics which also analyzes markets for manufactured goods as well as policies of various enterprises. The degree of concentration and barriers against new competitors in the| market have already been analyzed by industrial economics for such important branches of economy as mining, gas, and oil industries, etc. The behaviour of firms and companies in an industry is influenced by the structure of the industry. Both profits and losses in any industry are affected by the behaviour of firms and companies engaged in the industry.
The economics of energy is known as another important field of applied economics closely connected with industrial economics. A lot of energy has been used by the modern economy in recent decades. Farms, factories, plants, transportation as well as families have greatly increased the consumption of various sources of energy since new modern equipment and technologies were introduced.
In the past, wood and coal were used as the main sources of energy. Then, these sources were replaced by gas and oil in most I industries. However, in the 1970s energy sources became scarce and there was a rise in energy prices. Since that time serious adjustments have been made by industrial economies in order to cope with the energy scarcity.
For the last few decades the problems of energy economics have been discussed by specialists and governments in many countries. Regular meetings are held by the OPEC formed in order to regulate oil prices.