Задание №3.
а) Вставьте наречия времени: just, already, never, yet, recently, lately.
The role of the service sector has increased...
Microeconomics has ... studied the problems of the whole country`s economy.
Economists have not given a full definition of economics ...
Economists have ... developed three main approaches to economics.
Economics has ... used models successfully to analyze some difficult economic problems.
6. Most manufacturing industries have used intensive technologies for
processing resources ...
б) Переведите словочетания на английский язык и закончите предложение:
My friend has worked on the problem of consumers’ behaviour in the market ...
1) с 2001 года; 2) в течение двух лет; 3) с тех пор как он закончил институт; 4) долгое время; 5)в течение недели; 6) с лета; 7) с прошлого месяца; 8) с тех пор как он стал менеджером компании; 9) в течение всего рабочего дня.
ЗАДАНИЕ №4. Заполните пропуски глаголами в Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous или в Present Perfect.
1. They (to go) to the Hermitage last week.
2. They (to bе) in London twice this year.
3. When your friend (to return) from the south? – He (to return) yesterday.
- You (to go) to the station to meet him? No, I…, I (to be) too busy.
4. She (to visit) her parents today. Usually she (to visit) them once а week.
5. The traveller (to check in) at the hotel now.
6. The receptionist just (to make out) the bill.
7. Sometimes he (to travel) without booking а room in advance.
ЗАДАНИЕ №5. Раскрыв скобки, употребите глагол в форме настоящего совершенного времени (Present Perfect) в страдательном залоге (The Passive Voice).
1. Prices of electricity (to raise) already twice this year.
2. Applied fields of economics (to teach) to students of different universities.
3. How much money (to give) by the World Bank to the developing
countries?
4. A high living standard (not / to reach) in most developing countries yet.
5. How the degree of competition (to influence) by the increase in the
number of firms in the industry?
6. No changes (to make) to distinguish the new product from identical
products.
ЗАДАНИЕ №6. Переведите на русский язык, употребляя Complex object:
6.1. С инфинитивом с частицей to после определенных глаголов.
Образец: I want her to help me. (Я хочу, чтобы она помогла мне.)
1) I expect you to come in time.
2) I advise you to enter the institute.
3) I find your story to be very interesting.
4) I know him to be a good student.
6.2. С инфинитивом без частицы to или с причастием I после определенных глаголов восприятия.
Образец: I saw him enter the house. (Я видел, как он вошел в дом.)
I saw him entering the house. (Я видел, как он входил в дом.)
1) They didn't feel the train start.
2) Nobody noticed him go out.
3) I heard her playing piano.
4) I saw him driving the car.
6.3. С инфинитивом без частицы to после определенных глаголов.
Образец: Don't let them play in the street.
(Не позволяй им играть на улице.)
1) My mother made me go on this trip.
2) I let him go early as he had done his task.
3) Please let me know the results of your exam as soon as possible.
4) He had them leave the building.
ЗАДАНИЕ №7. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, could , may, must.
If there are a few firms in an industry, the change in the behavior of one firm ... influence other firms.
... developing countries enter the European Union? – No, they ... .
The firm ... increase its profits by means of new materials or technologies.
Any crisis in the economy of the USA ... seriously influence the economies of oter nations.
Any country ... follow some rules in international trade.
... Russia supply its population with necessary amounts of gas and petrol? – Yes, it ...
British farmers ... (not) ensure the required quality of meat when there was an infection among animals a few years ago.
You ... have a special licence to import or export exotic animals.
ЗАДАНИЕ №8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивный залог глаголов, требующих после себя предлога:
account for - объяснять, быть причиной
make use of - использовать
refer to - ссылаться, упоминать
deal with - иметь дело (с ч.-л. или к.-л.); решить (проблему)
call for - требовать, вызывать (ч.-л. или к.-л.);
face with - сталкиваться (с ч.-л.)
1.The successes of these firms are largely accounted for by automation.
2.The following examples were made use of.
3.These measurements were referred to at the conference.
4.The various topics are well dealt with in this book.
5. In this case the military action by the United States was not called for.
6. The government was faced with the problem of how to limit energy
cosumption.
ЗАДАНИЕ №9. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.
to manage; manageable; management; manager; manageress; managerial |
1. They reserved the right to make managerial decisions.
2. "What you need is advice from your bank manager.
3. I wish you could manage the time to come and to talk to us.
4. Private banks are being nationalized, and are to be managed with
workers' participation.
5. They are part of my management team.
6. The baby can be greatly influenced by the parents' management.
7. She has been working as the manageress of a bookshop.
8. It is perfectly manageable task to tackle systematically.
ЗАДАНИЕ №10. Переведите текст на русский язык и выполните задания к нему.
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
Development economics is an important branch of economics which considers specific problems of Third World countries. These countries are given a variety of different names such as “underdeveloped counries”, “les developed countries”(LDCs), and “developing counries”(DCs). All these terms contrast third world countries with first world countries which are called “developed” or “industrialized”. Economies of Western Europe, North America, and Japan belong to this type.
The growth of Third World countries was especially great in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of these countries were a part of the colonial system and they were controlled by Western Europe. Many countries got political independence after World War II, but they have not become independent economically yet. For example, India has beeen an independent country since 1945.
The most advanced Asian and South American countries are sometimes called “newly industrialized countries” (NICs). Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea have reached a great success in the development of their light manufacturing industries recently. They have already greatly increased the exports of such goods as shoes, clothes, and electronics all over the world. Brasil and Mexico have also increased their share in the world market mainly by means of foodstuffs exports.
It is important understand that Third World countries are not uniform. Each country has its economic problems, and it is nesessary for each country to develop its own policy in order to make progress.
However, developing countries are distinguished from develped nations by the following commmon characteristics: lower average income per capita; low labor productivity; low level of education; high mortality rate; fast population growth; low living standards, etc. Some developing countries have all of these characteristics; others have only some of them.
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
What problems does development economics study?
How are Third World countries named?
What countries are known as developed countries?
When was the fastest growth of Third World countries?
Are developing countries independent politically or economically?
What countries belong to newly industrialized countries?
Are all developing countries uniform in their development?
What are the common characteristics of all developing countries?
II.Составьте предложения, обращая внимание на место наречия в предложении.
the company, exported, to European countries, before, its, never, has, goods
such a high level, the NICs, as now, reached, in trade, never, have
their goods, to Africa, yet, exported, they, have
have, new machines, we, the productivity, already, increased, of
reached, most African countries, the living standarts, have not, yet, of developed countries
the European Union, Lithuania, a member of, recently, has become
III. Вставьте слова в нужной форме: advanced, variety, dependence, to reach, uniform, foodstuffs, since, recently/lately,`to distinguish, independence, average, per, population, labour productivity.
1. Brazil has recently increased the exports of ... , one of which i coffee.
2. As the education of ... is not very good in developing countries, the ... is
low.
3. There is a wide ... of problems which Third World countries have in their
economies, but economic ... is common for most of them.
4.This factory uses the most ... technologies in processing agricultural
products into foodstuffs.
5.He has been interested in the problems of development economics ... he
started work there.
6.Less developed countries are ... from each other by means of analysis of
their ... income... capita.
7.Developing countries got political ... more than 50 years ago, but they have
not ... a high level of living standarts of developed countries.
8.Newly industrialized countries have ... the productivity of light
manufacturing industry ...
9.The development of different areas of the country is not ... . Some areas
are more developed, others are less developed.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3
Грамматика
1. Причастие (Participle I and Participle II).
2. Прошедшее простое и прошедшее совершенное время (Past Simple
and Past Perfect Tenses).
3. Временные формы глагола (Simple and Perfect Tenses of the English
Verb) в действительном и страдательном залогах (Active and
Passive Voices).
4. Модальные глаголы (Modal verbs).
5. Согласование времен (Sequence Tenses).
6. Сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive Mood): условные
предложения 2го типа (Second Conditional).
7. Инфинитив в активном и пассивном залогах (Active Infinitive and
Passsive Infinitive).
8. Герундий (Gerund).
ЗАДАНИЕ №1. Выберите причастие I или II (Participle I and Participle II).
Prices (affecting/affected) by market forces; farms (raising/raised) wheat and other crops; livestock (raising/raised) in southern regions; enterprises (working/worked) succussfully; recently (buying/bought) machinery; supply of agricultural products (depending/depended) on weather conditions; a book (dealing/dealt) with problems of education economics, consumption (growing/grown) every year; differences in buyers’ behaviour (considering/considered) by the economist.
ЗАДАНИЕ №2. Переведите предложения, сказуемое которых стоит в (Past Simple and Past Perfect). Задайте по одному специальному вопросу к каждому предложению.
1. That was the first time they had been out of the country.
2. News had travelled about the world long before newspapers appeared.
3. My father lived in the house that had come to him from his sister.
4. By the time police arrived, the man had left.
5. Until this year the firm had enjoyed 16 years of uninterrupted profit
growth.
6. The loss from discontinued operations was twice as high as the
company had predicted.
7. By this time Peter I had conceived the idea of developing Russian
tobacco production.
8. By 1940 the number of federal workers had almost doubled.
ЗАДАНИЕ №3. Раскрыв скобки употребите глагол в правильной форме (Present and Past Simple, Present Perfect Tenses) в действительном или страдательном залогах (Active and Passive Voices).
1. The European Economic Union (to form) in 1958.
2. A new policy of advertising goods (to introduce) by the firm
recently.
3. Not much money (to require) for the company to start business a
month ago.
4. The OPEC (to include) many oil producers, however, it (not/to
supply) all the world’s oil.
5. The market for computers (to increase) since the prices for old
models (to fall).
6.The government (not/to cope) with the problem of high
unemployement yet.
7. Russia (to know) as an important oil producer in the world market.
8. Global energy crisis (not/to take) place for the last five years.
9. What industrial economics ( to deal ) with?
10. Consumption of foodstuffs ( not/to rise) lately.
ЗАДАНИЕ №4. Вставьте модальные глаголы must, should, have to или to be to в нужной форме.
1. The company ... advertise the new product to attract more buyes.
2. The firm ... provide quality certificates for all its goods.
3. The government ... stimulate the production of necessities and it ...
prevent the increase in prices.
4. The company ... pay taxes on its profits.
5. The new government polisy ... ensure more jobs for population.
6. The trade policy of the Japanese government in the 1950s ... ensure rapid
economic growth.
ЗАДАНИЕ №5. Преобразуйте следующие предложения из прямой речи в косвенную. Согласование времен (Sequence Tenses).
Образец: He said: “I have not had lunch with a friend for ages”.
He said that he had not had lunch with a friend for ages.
1. I'm going to work in Spain next year.
2. I work for a small publishing company.
3. I'm their marketing manager.
4. The company has opened an office in Barcelona.
5. It's been very successful.
6. I've been chosen to run a new office in Madrid.
7. I have to get back to work now.
8. I don't have much time to enjoy myself.
9. I hope my friends will come and visit me in Madrid.
10. We didn't have much time for sightseeing.
11. I went there last week with my secretary.
ЗАДАНИЕ №6. Переведите условные предложения II типа (Second Conditional).
1. If demand for goods always matched production, there would be no need
to store goods.
2. Many investors would be richer if the future really were foreseeable .
3. My enterprise is doing fine and if it were not for one or two technical
problems we would be operating perfectly.
4. If California were a country, its gross domestic product would be the
world's seventh largest.
5. If I stood for the presidential elections I wouldn't get through the first
round.
6. If the sale of alcohol was banned in Europe there would be fewer road
accidents.
7. If cheap labor were the key to company location, then Vietnam or
Somalia would be manufacturing meccas. They are not.