- •3 Periods in the History of English
- •Table 1 Germanic Languages
- •Table 2 Classification of Ancient Germanic Tribes
- •Lecture 3
- •Historical Grammar Morphology
- •MdE Declension of Adjectives
- •Morphology
- •MdE Declension of Adjectives
- •I. Morphological Classification of Old English Verbs
- •II. Strong verbs in oe
- •III. Weak verbs
- •Questions for the Seminars
- •I. Phonetics
- •II. Morphology
- •Practical assignments
- •Level of sentences
- •The Simple Sentence
- •Word Order:
- •Compound and Complex Sentences
- •The Simple Sentence
- •Compound and Complex Sentences
- •Nature [na`tju:r]
MdE Declension of Adjectives
Means of form-building |
positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
NE |
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Suffixation |
Soft We:rig |
Softra We:rigra |
Softost We:rigost |
Soft Weary |
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Suff. + vowel interchange |
Glaed Long eald |
Glaedra Lengra Ieldra (ealdra) |
Gladost Lengest Ealdost, ealdest |
Glad Long Old |
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Suppletion |
Go:d Ly:tel micel |
Bettra Lae:ssa Ma:ra |
Bet(e)st Lae:st Mae:st |
Good Little much |
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sg |
pl |
Strong Weak |
Blind blinde |
Blinde blinde
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Means of form-building |
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
ME |
Synthetic forms |
long
old far |
-er lenger (longer) older/elder farther/further
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-est lengest (longest) oldest/eldest farthest/furthest |
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Analytical forms
Double comparatives, double superlatives |
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More +adj. Better+ adj. More swete Better worthy
More fressher Worser This was the most unkindest cut of all. (Shakespeare) |
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Morphology
The noun
1.
S tem of the word
Root |
Stem-building suffix |
Case or other ending |
Врем- |
-ен |
-и |
-
Доч-
-ер
-и
2.
Dat. plural root Stem- building affix Case ending
Dagam (to days) Dag- a- -m
Gibom (to gifts) Gib- o- -m
Gastim (to guests) Gast- i- -m
Sunum (to sons) Sun- u- -m
3. 4 types of substantive stems:
1) vocalic stems(a-, o-, i-, u—stems ) which represented strong
declension
2) n-stems which belonged to the weak declension
3) s- and –r stems
4) root-stems
4. Declension of nouns
Strong declension (Vocalic stems)
a-stems |
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singular |
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M |
Short-stemmed N |
Long-stemmed N |
Ja-stems M |
Wa-stems N |
Nom. fisc Gen. fisces Dat. Fisce Acc. fisc |
scip scipes scipe scip |
dëor dëores dëore dëor
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ende endes ende ende |
Cnëo(w) Cnëowes Cnëowe Cnëo(w) |
Plural |
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No. fisces Gen. fisca Dat. fiscum Acc. fiscas |
scupu scipa scipum scipu |
dëor dëora dëorum dëor |
Endas Enda Endum endas |
Cnëo(w) Cnëowa Cnëowum Cnëo(w) |
Singular |
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Ö-stems short-stemmed long-stemmed F
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i-stems short-stemmed M |
u-stems short-stemmed long stemmed M |
Nom. talu wund Gen. tale wunde Gat. tale wunde Acc. tale wunde
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mete metes mete mete |
sunu feld suna felda suna felda sunu felda |
Plural |
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Nom. tala wunda,-e Gen. tala(-ena) wunda(-ena) Dat. talum wundum Acc. tala,-e wunda,-e |
mete,-as meta metum mete, -as |
suna felda suna felda sunum feldum suna felda |
Consonantal stems
Singular |
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n-stems (weak declension) M N F |
Root-stems M F |
Nom. nama ëare tunʒe Gen. naman ëaran tunʒan Dat. naman ëaran tunʒan Acc. naman ëaran tunʒan |
föt müs fötes mÿs, müse fët mÿs föt müs
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Plural |
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Nom. nama ëare tunʒe Gen. namena ëaran tunʒan Dat. namum ëaran tunʒan Acc. naman ëaran tunʒan |
fët mÿs föta müs fötum müsum fët mÿs |
Nom. nāme nāmas
5. Gen. nāmes nāmes
Dat. nāme nāmes
Acc. nāme nāmas
The Adjective
Singular Strong declension Weak declension |
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Case |
M |
N |
F |
M |
N |
F |
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Nom Gen Dat Acc Instr. |
Blind Blindes Blindum Blindne Blinde |
Blind Blindes Blindum Blind Blinde |
Blind Blindre Blindre Blinde Blindre |
Blinda Blindan Blindan Blindan Blindan |
Blinde Blindan Blindan Blinde blindan |
Blinde Blindan Blindan Blindan blindan |
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Plural |
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All genders |
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Nom Gen Dat Acc Instr |
Blinde Blindra Blindum Blinde Blindum |
Blind Blindra Blindum Blind Blindum |
Blinda, e Blindra Blindum Blinda, e Blindum |
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Blindan Blindra,ena Blindum Blindan blindum |
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