- •О.И. Килюшева, и.T. Канева, е.Н. Свирелкина
- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Setting Off Independent Clauses
- •Use a comma before and, but, or, so, nor, yet, for when those words are used to connect two independent clauses.
- •Always use a comma to introduce contrasting information.
- •Setting Off Items in a Series
- •Use commas to separate parts in a series of three or more items.
- •Coordinate attributive adjectives in a series are set off by commas.
- •Insert commas as necessary to separate items in series in the following sentences.
- •Insert commas as necessary to separate items in series in the following sentences.
- •Insert commas in the following sentences:
- •Setting Off Introductory Elements
- •Introductory Adverb Clauses
- •2. Introductory Phrases
- •3. Introductory Transitional Words and Phrases
- •Setting Off Non-Essential Material
- •1. Nonrestrictive modifiers
- •Identify the errors in these sentences. Any sentence that is incorrect contains only one error.
- •Using Comma in Other Conventional Contexts
- •Using Commas Around Direct Quotations
- •Using Commas between Names and Titles or Degrees
- •Using Commas in Dates and Addresses
- •Using Commas with Greetings, Closings, and Large Numbers
- •Insert commas in the following sentences to prevent misreading.
- •1. With Asyndetic Independent Clauses
- •In which of the examples might a semicolon be preferred to the full stop?
- •2. Semicolon with Transitional Phrases
- •3. A Semicolon and a Comma
- •Insert semicolon as needed in each of the following sentences.
- •The colon
- •1. A List of Items
- •2. Introducing Quotes
- •3. Connecting Ideas
- •4. Introducing an Appositive
- •5. Other Uses of Colon
- •2C Write your own proverbs, for example:
- •Use commas and colons where they are appropriate.
- •Add commas and colons where appropriate to these sentences:
- •Insert a colon as needed in each of the following sentences:
- •1. Abrupt Break in Thought.
- •2. Setting Off Parenthetical Material
- •3. Setting Off Explanation
- •1. Quoting Words, Phrases, and Short Passages from Prose
- •2. Using Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation Marks
- •Test Yourself
- •Bibliography
Test Yourself
Rewrite each of the following sentences to remedy any punctuation errors.
George Washington was born in 1732 in Virginia he was raised on a farm established by his great-grandfather.
Washington had a big nose and pock-marked face however he was still considered a handsome man.
Washington said this about the war of independence Our cause is noble it is the cause of all mankind.
At fifteen Washington became a surveyor his first job was to survey the six-million-acre estate of his neighbour Lord Fairfax.
Washington wanted to return to Mount Vernon after the Constitutional Convention his colleagues persuaded him to become the country’s first president.
Washington’s vice president John Adams was sworn in on April 21 1789 Washington was sworn in as the first president on April 30 1789.
The British Parliament passed several measures unjust to the American colonists Washington became active in the resistance movement.
Washington lost nearly all his teeth a French dentist made him a set from carved rhinoceros ivory.
Washington held the first presidential barbecue in 1793 he roasted a five-hundred-pound ox for the party.
10. The U.S. national capital is named for him many American colleges and towns bear his name.
Bibliography
Axelrod, Rise B. and Cooper, Charles R. The St. Martin's Guide to Writing. - 3rd edition. - New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991. - 710 p.
Compton, Carol. Improving Composition Through a Sentence Study of Grammar and Usage. - 7th printing. - Cambridge and Toronto: Educators Publishing Service, Inc. - 1987. - 185 p.
Fowler, H. Ramsey and Aaron, Jane E. The Little, Brown Handbook. - 5th edition. - New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1992. - 824 p.
Heffernan, James A. W. and Lincoln, John E. Writing: A College Handbook. - 4th edition. - New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1994. - 773 p.
Kierzek, John M. and Gibson, Walker. The Macmillan Handbook of English. - 5th edition. - N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1964. - 490 p.
Kirszner, Laurie G, Mandell, Stephen R. The Holt Handbook. – 5th edition. – Orlando: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1995. – 878 p.
Watkins, Floyd C. and Dillingham, William B. Practical English Handbook. - 9th edition. - Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. - 508 p.