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2.7.10 Look through texts 2.7.8 - 2.7.9 and find the English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and word-combinations:

независимо от характера поверхностей; сила, которая выводит тело из состояния покоя; сила, которая заставляет тело двигаться с равномерной скоростью; сила, которая начинает действовать; перед тем, как должно насту­пить скольжение; закон сохранения энергии; вследствие трения; может свободно вращаться вокруг оси; в один полный оборот винта.

2.8 Revision texts 2.7

2.8.1 Match words and word-combinations with their translation:

conclusion

сваебойная машина

chemical composition

подобно, так же

tangential reaction

наклон

erg

потеря

sheave, pulley

футо-фунт

omission

потерянная работа (рассеиваемая)

inclined plane

точка опоры (рычага)

unity

касательная реакция

to sum up

подстановка, замещение

gun muzzle

эрг

jackscrew

борозда, выемка, паз

to alter

дуло ружья

retarding force

пропуск, упущение

circumference

ролик, шкив

dissipated work

точка приложения силы

inclination

естественное притяжение

internal stress

поверхность трения

likewise

заключение

fulcrum

химический состав

pile driver

замедляющая сила, тормозная сила

loss

наклонная плоскость

pitch

окружность

lever

подсчитывать

point of application

внутреннее напряжение

substitution

шаг (резьбы винта)

to reckon

единство, сплоченность

normal traction

винтовой домкрат

groove

вага, рычаг

foot-pound

видоизменять

rubbing surface

резюмировать, подводить итог

2.8.2 Find the sentences with these words and word-combinations in texts 2.7 and translate them.

2.8.3 Prepare the words and word-combinations for a dictation.

2.9 Texts Gases

2.9.1 Read the text, translate it and answer: What is the main distinction of gases from liquids and solids?

What Gases are

The behaviour of a gas is easily enough understood if we remember what it is. A gas is a very scattered assembly of molecules moving as fast as bullets but not getting very far before they collide with each other. Each molecule has a good big free space round it: in fact, a molecule of a gas has about a thousand times as much elbow-room as a molecule of a liquid or a solid. Well, anyone can see that if this is a true picture of a gas, it must be very light, because it is made up of very few molecules. Picture a swarm of midges in which each midge was about two inches from the next and you will have a fair notion of the amount of elbow-room in a gas. It follows from that a gas will flow very easily, for the molecules will not get in each other's way, nor will they greatly attract or repel each other. For the latter reason, it should be easy to compress a gas: a solid or liquid is almost incompressible because the repulsions of the electrical charges of which its atoms are made up are far stronger than any forces we can apply. In the case of a gas, the molecules are much too far from each other to repel each other. Of course, the idea of a gas as a swarm of busy molecules is not much more than a hundred years old. Gases are so unlike any other kind of matter that many centuries elapsed before people made up their minds that they were matter at all.

On of the reasons why people before the eighteenth century knew hardly anithing about gases was that they are difficult to handle. You can put a solid in a basket or a basin, you can pour a liquid into a jug, but a gas has to be handled in a special way. Suppose you have a bottle full of it. As soon as you uncork it, the gas molecules begin to spread into the air and the air molecules into the gas.