- •Answer these questions:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Match words from the two boxes to find the exterior car parts:
- •Complete the sentences with the following words (exterior design):
- •Complete the sentences with the following words (interior design):
- •Here are some factors people consider buying a car. Match the factors with the definitions.
- •Read and translate this extract in written form.
- •Study the following information:
- •Complete the text ‘a handmade car’ with the following words.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Internal combustion engine
- •Work with your partner to describe position of car components. Use the following phrases:
- •Match English word combinations with their equivalents in Ukrainian:
- •Match the word with its definition:
- •Translate this extract in written form:
- •Describe the components from the box below using words used to describe shape of car parts.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Complete the text (a tour of a car factory) with the following words:
- •Complete the table:
- •Now complete the sentences with the words from the table:
- •Read and translate this extract:
- •Study the following information:
- •Match the words from these two boxes to make expressions:
- •Study the following information:
- •Match the expressions above with the following definitions:
- •Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Work in small groups to have the following meeting:
- •Complete the sentences about materials with words given below :
- •Translate this extract in written form:
- •Read and discuss the following passage. What do you know about traffic rules of our country? Do you obey them?
- •Answer these questions:
- •Complete the table:
- •What car parts are made of what materials? Pay attention to glass, leather, plastic, rubber, steel, textile, wood and others.
- •Read “The Mini Story”. Which three paragraphs are from the same article and which one is from a fashion magazine? Put the paragraphs from the article in the correct order.
- •Answer these questions:
- •Here are some factors people consider when buying a car. Match the factors with the definitions.
- •Are these sentences about the text true (t) or false (f)?
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles:
- •Match these English phrases with their equivalents in Ukrainian:
- •Now use the expressions above to complete the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Match the words and phrases to the correct headings.
- •Put the safety features into the correct column. Which of these safety features does your or your parents’ car have?
- •Match the questions (1 – 7) with their answers (a – g):
- •Imagine you are a transport consultant brought in to advise it on how to make cars safer. Prepare and deliver a presentation of your recommendations to the representatives of the design department.
- •Fill the missing words in. The first one has been done for you. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Read and translate this extract in written form:
- •Rewrite the sentences with a participle clause instead of a relative one.
- •Which instrument shows you:
- •Translate the following extract in written form:
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Match each column of the English words with its Ukrainian equivalent.
- •Translate these sentences into Ukrainian. Find the Infinitive and state its function.
- •What are your predictions for the next ten years for instruments and switches of the car? Prepare a short report or presentation.
- •Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable or formal? Read the text about ‘Smart materials’ and check.
- •Choose the correct answer:
- •Work with your partner. Choose one of the smart materials in the text. Think of five interesting ways it could be used. Compare your ideas with other students.
- •Find a better and cheaper way to produce parts and the auto industry takes notice! For example, hydroformed parts offer weight, design and cost advantages over stampings.
Complete the table:
Verb |
Noun |
Adjective |
To |
power |
|
To |
|
combustible |
To |
ignition |
|
To |
|
explosive |
To |
rotation |
|
To |
transmission |
|
Now complete the sentences with the words from the table:
In the engine, linear motion is converted into ________ motion by the crankshaft.
The power of the engine is ________ through the clutch and the gearbox.
The spark plug ________ the air/fuel mixture and sets off an ________.
A 6-cylinder engine is more ________ than a 4-cylinder one.
Fuel and air is compressed in the ________ chamber.
Read and translate this extract:
THE 4-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION CYCLE
Before the cycle begins. The cycle begins at top dead centre (TDC). Here the piston is furthest away from the crankshaft. There are 4 strokes of the piston.
Intake stroke. The crankshaft rotates. This makes the piston move down the cylinder, away from the valves. At the same time, the cam above the intake valve rotates. This makes the valve move downwards, which opens the intake port. As the piston moves down, fuel is sucked into the cylinder through this inlet.
Compression stroke. As the crankshaft rotates, it makes the piston move up the chamber towards the valves. Simultaneously, the cam above the intake valve rotates and allows it to close. Both valves are now closed. As the piston moves up towards the valves, it compresses the fuel.
Ignition. Now the piston is once again at TDC. The compressed fuel is ignited by the spark plug and there is a small explosion at the top of the cylinder.
Power stroke. Immediately after this, the gases expand in the cylinder, which pushes the piston downwards. This makes the crankshaft rotate and provides torsion to drive the wheels of the vehicle.
Exhaust stroke. As the crankshaft rotates, it pushes the piston up the cylinder. At the same time, the cam above the exhaust valve pushes the valve downwards. This opens the exhaust port and the burnt gases are pushed out.
The cycle is repeated thousands of times per minute.
Study the following information:
When often indicates that two actions happen in sequence, immediately after the other.
(e.g. When the spark plug ignites, the gases explode.)
As often indicates that two actions happen simultaneously, both at the same time.
(e.g. As the piston moves up, it compresses the fuel.)
When or as can sometimes be used with the same meaning when it’s difficult to decide if two actions are simultaneous or in rapid sequence.
(e.g. When / As the brake pedal is pressed, the piston pushes the oil along the brake pipe.)
Now join each group into a single sentence. Use when / as and which. Do not use the words in italics.
e.g. The piston moves up. At the same time, the exhaust valve opens. This lets the burnt gases escape. – As the piston moves up, the exhaust valve opens, which lets the burnt gases escape.
The spark plug ignites the fuel. Immediately afterwards, there is an explosion. This makes the piston move down with great force.
The camshaft rotates. Simultaneously, the cam pushes the intake valve downwards. This allows the fuel to enter the cylinder.
The piston moves away from the valve. Immediately after this, it creates a vacuum in the cylinder. This sucks the fuel in.
The piston moves up towards the valves. Soon afterwards, it puts the fuel under high pressure. This helps the gases to expand rapidly after ignition.
The cam pushes the exhaust valve down. At the same time, the piston moves up towards it. This forces the burnt gases out of the engine.
THE INSTRUMENT PANEL
Navigation aids, telemetric equipment, audio system features and the standard instruments are all fighting for space on the instrument panel (IP). This creates a challenge for interior designers and engineers who need to keep the IP simple so that the driver is not distracted by too many buttons and instruments. Customers also equate a spacious interior with luxury – another reason why the IP shouldn’t look overcrowded.
Designers deal with the problem in various ways. They reduce the size of ‘space-eaters’ such as heating and cooling systems, or even remove them completely from the IP by putting them under the seat or in the boot. They also put many functions, such as station pre-set buttons for audio systems, on touch screens, which save space on the IP. But there is still the danger of overcrowding the screen, which could distract the driver and thus cause an accident. Another problem is the position: the touch screen needs to be located high on the dashboard so that the driver can use it easily while driving. But if it is too high it can be hard to read because of reflections and the sun ‘washing out’ the screen.
Some engineers see voice recognition as a way to get rid of many manual controls and to simplify the IP. But voice recognition can also be overused. There needs to be an optimal balance between visual displays and voice instructions, so that the driver can deal safely with all the information he or she receives.