- •Answer these questions:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Match words from the two boxes to find the exterior car parts:
- •Complete the sentences with the following words (exterior design):
- •Complete the sentences with the following words (interior design):
- •Here are some factors people consider buying a car. Match the factors with the definitions.
- •Read and translate this extract in written form.
- •Study the following information:
- •Complete the text ‘a handmade car’ with the following words.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Internal combustion engine
- •Work with your partner to describe position of car components. Use the following phrases:
- •Match English word combinations with their equivalents in Ukrainian:
- •Match the word with its definition:
- •Translate this extract in written form:
- •Describe the components from the box below using words used to describe shape of car parts.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Complete the text (a tour of a car factory) with the following words:
- •Complete the table:
- •Now complete the sentences with the words from the table:
- •Read and translate this extract:
- •Study the following information:
- •Match the words from these two boxes to make expressions:
- •Study the following information:
- •Match the expressions above with the following definitions:
- •Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Work in small groups to have the following meeting:
- •Complete the sentences about materials with words given below :
- •Translate this extract in written form:
- •Read and discuss the following passage. What do you know about traffic rules of our country? Do you obey them?
- •Answer these questions:
- •Complete the table:
- •What car parts are made of what materials? Pay attention to glass, leather, plastic, rubber, steel, textile, wood and others.
- •Read “The Mini Story”. Which three paragraphs are from the same article and which one is from a fashion magazine? Put the paragraphs from the article in the correct order.
- •Answer these questions:
- •Here are some factors people consider when buying a car. Match the factors with the definitions.
- •Are these sentences about the text true (t) or false (f)?
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles:
- •Match these English phrases with their equivalents in Ukrainian:
- •Now use the expressions above to complete the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Match the words and phrases to the correct headings.
- •Put the safety features into the correct column. Which of these safety features does your or your parents’ car have?
- •Match the questions (1 – 7) with their answers (a – g):
- •Imagine you are a transport consultant brought in to advise it on how to make cars safer. Prepare and deliver a presentation of your recommendations to the representatives of the design department.
- •Fill the missing words in. The first one has been done for you. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Read and translate this extract in written form:
- •Rewrite the sentences with a participle clause instead of a relative one.
- •Which instrument shows you:
- •Translate the following extract in written form:
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Match each column of the English words with its Ukrainian equivalent.
- •Translate these sentences into Ukrainian. Find the Infinitive and state its function.
- •What are your predictions for the next ten years for instruments and switches of the car? Prepare a short report or presentation.
- •Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable or formal? Read the text about ‘Smart materials’ and check.
- •Choose the correct answer:
- •Work with your partner. Choose one of the smart materials in the text. Think of five interesting ways it could be used. Compare your ideas with other students.
- •Find a better and cheaper way to produce parts and the auto industry takes notice! For example, hydroformed parts offer weight, design and cost advantages over stampings.
Imagine you are a transport consultant brought in to advise it on how to make cars safer. Prepare and deliver a presentation of your recommendations to the representatives of the design department.
Pay attention to the following: ABS, adaptive cruise control, highly rigid roof, automatic emergency braking, seat belt, airbags, retractable steering wheel, shatterproof windscreen, lane departure warning system, xenon headlights, …
AIRBAGS
Until a short time ago, most of the progress made in auto safety was in front and rear accidents, even though 40% of all serious injuries from accidents are the result of side impacts and 30% of all accidents are side-impact collisions.
Many car makers have reacted to these statistics and new standards of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) by making doors, door frames and floor and roof sections stronger. But cars that now offer side airbags represent a new type of occupant protection.
Engineers say that designing effective side airbags is much more difficult than designing front airbags. This is because much of the energy from a front-impact collision is absorbed by the bumper, hood, and engine, and it takes almost 30 to 40 milliseconds before the impact reaches the car’s occupant. In a side impact, only a relatively thin door and a few inches separate the occupant from another vehicle. This means that door-mounted side airbags must begin deploying within 5 or 6 milliseconds. It takes a collision of about 19kph to trigger side airbags.
The seatbelt airbag is intended to give back-seat passengers the same level of protection as front-seat occupants. The airbag is incorporated in the rear-seat seatbelt and inflates forward on impact.
Bosch has developed an airbag control unit with extended functional range for highly precise triggering of airbags and belt tensioners. According to the company, the system detects the impact speed of a frontal collision at a very early stage with the help of two ‘upfront’ sensors. The central crash sensor’s information ensures good decision precision. Depending on the type of accident, the occupant restraint system can be triggered either in one or two phases.
The new system has two acceleration sensors which transmit signals, from which the electronic control unit calculates early and precisely the energy absorption as well as the velocity of vehicle deformation. After only 15ms, it is clearly recognizable whether it will be a minor crash without the actuation of the airbag of a serious crash with triggering of the necessary passive safety system.
The side impact is detected by means of four side-impact sensors, the signals of which are checked for plausibility against those of the central sensors in the airbag. This concept ensures triggering of the side airbag for optimum protection of head and chest in a lateral collision.
Airbags, though, do not always save lives, they sometimes kill people who are too small or are in the wrong position when the airbags deploy. To prevent this from happening, car makers and suppliers are developing occupant-sensing systems. The three leading technologies for smart airbags are weight-sensing in the seat, position sensing within the car and camera monitoring. These detection systems can automatically deactivate the airbags if the situation is dangerous.