- •Answer these questions:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Match words from the two boxes to find the exterior car parts:
- •Complete the sentences with the following words (exterior design):
- •Complete the sentences with the following words (interior design):
- •Here are some factors people consider buying a car. Match the factors with the definitions.
- •Read and translate this extract in written form.
- •Study the following information:
- •Complete the text ‘a handmade car’ with the following words.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Internal combustion engine
- •Work with your partner to describe position of car components. Use the following phrases:
- •Match English word combinations with their equivalents in Ukrainian:
- •Match the word with its definition:
- •Translate this extract in written form:
- •Describe the components from the box below using words used to describe shape of car parts.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Complete the text (a tour of a car factory) with the following words:
- •Complete the table:
- •Now complete the sentences with the words from the table:
- •Read and translate this extract:
- •Study the following information:
- •Match the words from these two boxes to make expressions:
- •Study the following information:
- •Match the expressions above with the following definitions:
- •Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Work in small groups to have the following meeting:
- •Complete the sentences about materials with words given below :
- •Translate this extract in written form:
- •Read and discuss the following passage. What do you know about traffic rules of our country? Do you obey them?
- •Answer these questions:
- •Complete the table:
- •What car parts are made of what materials? Pay attention to glass, leather, plastic, rubber, steel, textile, wood and others.
- •Read “The Mini Story”. Which three paragraphs are from the same article and which one is from a fashion magazine? Put the paragraphs from the article in the correct order.
- •Answer these questions:
- •Here are some factors people consider when buying a car. Match the factors with the definitions.
- •Are these sentences about the text true (t) or false (f)?
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles:
- •Match these English phrases with their equivalents in Ukrainian:
- •Now use the expressions above to complete the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Match the words and phrases to the correct headings.
- •Put the safety features into the correct column. Which of these safety features does your or your parents’ car have?
- •Match the questions (1 – 7) with their answers (a – g):
- •Imagine you are a transport consultant brought in to advise it on how to make cars safer. Prepare and deliver a presentation of your recommendations to the representatives of the design department.
- •Fill the missing words in. The first one has been done for you. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Read and translate this extract in written form:
- •Rewrite the sentences with a participle clause instead of a relative one.
- •Which instrument shows you:
- •Translate the following extract in written form:
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Match each column of the English words with its Ukrainian equivalent.
- •Translate these sentences into Ukrainian. Find the Infinitive and state its function.
- •What are your predictions for the next ten years for instruments and switches of the car? Prepare a short report or presentation.
- •Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable or formal? Read the text about ‘Smart materials’ and check.
- •Choose the correct answer:
- •Work with your partner. Choose one of the smart materials in the text. Think of five interesting ways it could be used. Compare your ideas with other students.
- •Find a better and cheaper way to produce parts and the auto industry takes notice! For example, hydroformed parts offer weight, design and cost advantages over stampings.
Are these sentences about the text true (t) or false (f)?
You’ll still need a key to open the car door.
You’ll no longer have a steering wheel.
Sensors in the dashboard will measure your blood pressure.
You won’t be able to fall asleep while driving.
You won’t need to read traffic signs any more.
You’ll still need good parking skills.
Find words and expressions in the text which match these definitions:
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Find the words hidden in the jumbles:
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KRUNT |
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MERPUB |
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GIRLL |
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ROOD |
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RETRAUQ NIWWOD |
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NECSELI TELAP |
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DWINSILHED PERIW |
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DOHO |
ALTERNATIVE VEHICLES
At the present rate of production oil supplies will run out rather soon, and we will have to look for other sources of energy. What kind of vehicle will then dominate? Nowadays car makers discuss four promising types of cars: fuel cell cars, electric cars, hybrid cars, and solar electric cars.
The electric car has a long history. The first electrical cars were built at the end of 19th century, but they could not compete against the internal combustion engine. Success of the electric car depends on light weight battery, capable of being recharged quickly, and the availability of electric energy. Several companies already sell electrics. For example, Solar Electric Engineering of Santa Rosa, California, offers Solar Electric's Destiny 2000 which includes an array of solar cells which provides a tiny bit of power and extends battery life. With its lightweight fiberglass body, it can travel 40 to 60 miles on a charge and cruises at 60-70 mph.
There are many different electric cars around the world. They are used for local deliveries, post offices and the services. But will the electric car ever become a universal means of transport? Today there are several hundred million cars in the world not to mention millions of motorcycles. It is estimated that if these changed over to electricity, they would require six million kilowatt hours, and all the power stations in the world now generate only a little over a third of that. The hydrogen/air fuel cells look very hopeful. These do not have to be charged, they generate their own energy from a chemical reaction. They convert fuel energy to electrical energy with better than 80% efficiency. But at present the fuel cells prove too expensive. A hybrid system where electric batteries for city driving would be recharged in highway driving with gasoline fuel is an alternative to the totally electrical system.
The use of fuel cells promises a reduction in environmental pollution from car exhaust emissions and the end of our dependence on oil for fuel. A fuel cell produces an electric current and heat by converting hydrogen and oxygen into water. When many cells are combined into a stack, enough energy is produced to power a 50kW engine. The fuel cell has the highest efficiency in power generation, reaching over 60%, compared to a gasoline-powered car which has 20%. Pure hydrogen could be stored on-board the car, but this would use too much space. Alternatively, car makers could use reformer technology to convert gasoline or methanol into hydrogen, but this would reduce the efficiency of the cell.
There are many practical considerations for drivers. Fuel cell-powered cars are neither as fast nor as quiet as gasoline- or diesel-powered cars. At present there are very few hydrogen fuelling stations, so refueling could be a problem. Fuel cell cars are very expensive to develop and produce, which means they will also be expensive for the customer. Many drivers will not pay extra for ‘green’ car technology. Nevertheless, the race is on to produce the first fuel cell-powered family car with CO2 emissions of 90g/km.