4. Occlusive Affricative Consonants [c, g]

[C, G] are occlusive, noise, affricative, fore- and mediolingual, apical, palato-alveolar, oral consonant phonemes. [C] is voiceless, fortis; [G] is voiced, lenis.

The tip and the blade of the tongue touch the back part of the alveolar ridge and form a complete obstruction. Then the front of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate, the tongue tip is slowly removed from the alveolar ridge and the air escapes through the narrowing with friction.

[C] is not so palatalized as the Russian corresponding sound.

Exercise 1. /Track 5/

Read the words with [C] and [G].

Do not palatalize [C, G] in the word-final position. Prolong the vowel before the final [G].

chin	gin	rich	ridge
chear	jeer	search	surge
choke	joke	H	age
chain	Jane	larch	large

Exercise 2. /Track 6/

Say these phrases with [C] after [t]. Link the words together, to help you say [C] correctly. Mind that [t] loses its plosion before [C].

It’s 'quite ‘cheap	'Don’t ‘cheat
a 'white ‘chair	a 'great ‘chance
a 'hot 'cheese ‘sandwich	a 'fat ‘child

Exercise 3.

Practise the following tongue-twisters.

1. If two witches were watching two watches,

which witch would watch which watch?

2. A gentle judge just judges justly.

3. Which witch wished which wicked wish?

4. Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager,

imagining managing an imaginary menagerie?

Exercise 4.  /Track 7/

Imitation. Practise the phonetic difficulties before you start the conversation.

'things have ‘changed; ‘last ‚match;ˇbeaten; 'seven-year-•old ‘child.

A: 'Can you 'play ‘chess? ||

B: ˇYes, ¦ I en'joy chess very ‘much. || 'I was a 'chess ‘champion when I .was a ‚child. ||

A: And 'are you 'still a ‚champion chess °player? ||

B: ›No, ¦ 'things have ‘changed.|| In my ‘last ‚match | I was ˇbeaten ¦ by a 'seven-year-•old ‘child.|| ˇI think ¦ she’s a 'future ‘champion! ||

5. Occlusive Nasal Sonorants [m, n, n]

[m] is an occlusive, bilabial, nasal sonorant.

The lips are pressed together and form a complete obstruction in the mouth cavity.

[n] is an occlusive, forelingual, apical, alveolar, nasal sonorant.

The tongue tip touches the alveolar ridge and forms a complete obstruction in the mouth cavity.

[N] is an occlusive, backlingual, velar, nasal sonorant.

The back of the tongue is raised and touches the soft palate forming a complete obstruction in the mouth cavity. To produce [m, n, N] the soft palate is lowered and the air escapes through the nasal cavity. The vocal cords are drawn together and vibrate.

Exercise 1.  /Track 8/

Distinguish between [n] and [N].

sin	sing	sinner	singer
ran	rang	win	wing
ton	tongue	thin	thing
son	sung	ban	bang

Exercise 2.

Pronounce [N] with and without [k] and [g].

wink	wing	'finger	'singer
sink	sing	'anger	'hanger
rink	ring	'Bangor	'longing
stink	sting	'hunger	'ringing

Exercise 3.

Practise the following tongue-twisters.

1. There was a minimum of cinnamon in the aluminum pan.

2. Young King Kong was stronger than strong.

3. I thought of thinking of thanking you.

4. Singing Sammy sang songs on sinking sand.

Exercise 4.  /Track 9/

Imitation. Practise the phonetic difficulties before you start the television announcement.

'Britain	the ‘European
'golden	the 'winning ‘song
'Sweden	‘spring again
spring	‘young again
ninth	runners-'up

'Britain has 'won the 'European 'Golden ‘Song ‚Contest, ¦ for the 'ninth ‘time. || The 'winning ‚song ¦ is ‘'Bells are ‘Ringing’, | 'sung by 'Kay ‘King. ||

'Last year’s ‚winners, ¦ˇSweden, | 'came ‘second. || 'Their new ‚song¦ is ›called ¦ ‘'Bing 'Bang ‘Bong.’ ||

◦Runners-'up were ‘Denmark, | with the ›song | ‘It’s ‚Spring A°gain, ¦ 'I’m ‘Young A◦gain.’ ||