Post-Reading Activity

Ex. 4. Answer the following questions.

1. What is an algebraic expression? 2. What algebraic expression is called polynomial (monomial, binomial)? 3. What are the terms of a polynomial? 4. What numbers in a polynomial are called coefficients (exponents, the constant term)? 5. How do we define the degree of a polynomial? 6. What are the fundamental operations of polynomials? 7. How is the sum of two polynomials obtained? 8. How is subtraction of polynomials performed? 9. How is the product of two polynomials obtained? 10. What is the rule of polynomial division?

Ex. 5. Find the English equivalents for the following Russian word combinations.

1. состоять из нескольких одночленов; 2. алгебраическое выражение; 3. образовывать многочлен; 4. знаки, предшествующие им; 5. состоять из одного или нескольких членов; 6. разместить таким образом; 7. сложить коэффициенты; 8. разместить делимое по возрастающим или убывающим показателям степени; 9. касающееся операции деления; 10. сложить произведения

a. to form a polynomial; b. to be compose of one or more terms; с. to consist of several monomials; d. to place in such a way; e. an algebraic expression; f. to add the products; g. signs preceding them; h. to arrange the dividend in ascending or descending powers; i. to add the coefficients; j. concerning the operation of division

Ex. 6. Give the proper English equivalents for the Russian expressions.

a trinomial, descending, subtraction, obtain, a fraction, coefficients, terms, exponents, sum, remainder, fractional

1. Each of these polynomials is composed of членов. 2. In the algebraic expression 3x³+ 2x²+5 the constant multipliers 3, 2, 5 are called коэффициенты. 3. In the polynomial 2x³+ 5x²+9 the upper numbers 3 and 2 are called показателями степени. 4. A polynomial consisting of three terms is called трёхчлен. 5. One of the fundamental operations that had been applied to those polynomials before other operations was вычитанием. 6. The algebraic expression 2y³-3y²+2y is arranged in убывающим powers of the letter y. 7. Multiplying two polynomials we получаем a product. 8. If the остаток of division is zero, it is exact. 9. An expression, any term of which is дробь, is called a дробным expression. 10. Adding two polynomials we obtain a сумму.

Ex. 7. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.

1. The result of the subtraction is being checked now. 2. Polynomials and their fundamental operations were being studied by the students the whole day yesterday. 3. These polynomials are being multiplied at the moment. 4. Each step of the process has already been carefully studied. 5. The necessary information has just been obtained. 6. The whole material about polynomials has been learned by the student recently. 7. Those algebraic expressions have been carefully arranged in descending powers. 8. The report on four operations of polynomials is being discussed during the meeting. 9. The remainder in this expression will have been found by the end of the lesson. 10. The experiment was being conducted when you came in.

Ex. 8. Mark the following as True or False.

1. A polynomial is composed of one term only. 2. A number represented by algebraic symbols is called a fractional expression. 3. Each term of a polynomial is either an integral power of x multiplied by a constant or a constant free of x. 4. The division isn’t exact if the remainder is zero. 5. Division of one polynomial by another is rather a long process. 6. A monomial consists of several terms. 7. All algebraic expressions are divided into different groups. 8. When subtracting we change the signs of the terms of the subtrahend. 9. The polynomial 3x²y²+2xy+5 is of the fifth degree. 10. A polynomial of three terms is called a binomial.

Ex. 9. Ask special questions.

1. A polynomial is an algebraic expression composed of one or more terms. (What) 2. In the expression 2×3 – xyz – xy/z there are three terms. (How many) 3. A polynomial of two terms is called a binomial. (How) 4. The polynomial 3x³+4x²+5 is of the third degree in x. (What) 5. The whole material has already been learned by the students. (By whom) 6. All the trinomials were being subtracted when we came. (What) 7. If the remainder of division is zero it is exact. (When) 8. You should divide the leading term of the dividend by the leading term of the divisor. (What, how) 9. The remainder found in the result of the subtraction is used as the dividend. (How) 10. The subtraction with those polynomials hadn’t been done correctly by the end of the class yesterday. (What)

Ex. 10. Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1. An algebraic expression of one term is called a monomial or simple expression. 2. An algebraic expression of more than one term is called a polynomial. 3. The terms of a polynomial are taken with the signs preceding them. 4. The polynomial is of the third degree in x since 3 is the highest exponent appearing in the expression. 5. You have been given two polynomials and have been asked to multiply one of them by the other. 6. We place the terms of the subtrahend under like terms of the minuend. 7. The fractional numerals are being written as the corresponding decimal numerals by the students right now. 8. In dividing polynomials both the dividend and the divisor must be arranged in ascending or descending power of the letter common to both. 9. To add or to subtract polynomials we must place them so that like terms fall under each other. 10. The remainder is of lower degree than the divisor.

Ex. 11. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Многочлен состоит из двух и более членов. 2. Алгебраическое выражение, которое содержит только действия умножения, деления и возведения в степень, называется одночленом. 3. Алгебраическая сумма нескольких одночленов называется многочленом. 4. Трёхчлен – алгебраическое выражение, состоящее из трёх членов. 5. Числа при неизвестных х, у, называются коэффициентами многочлена. 6. Многочлены можно складывать, вычитать, умножать и делить. 7. Чтобы разделить многочлен на одночлен, нужно делимое и делитель разместить в убывающем или возрастающем порядке общего неизвестного. 8. Правило, касающееся деления, может быть сформулировано определенным образом. 9. Деление продолжается до тех пор, пока не будет найден остаток с числовым значением меньшим,чем делитель. 10. Если остаток при делении равен нулю, то деление называют точным или без остатка.

Таблица нестандартных глаголов

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Past Participle	Перевод
arise	arose	arisen	возникать
be	was, were	been	быть
bear	bore	borne	носить, выносить
become	became	become	становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать(ся)
bend	bent	bent	гнуть(ся)
bind	bound	bound	связывать
break	broke	broken	ломать
build	built	built	строить
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
come	came	come	приходить
cost	cost	cost	стоить
cut	cut	cut	пересекать, резать
deal	dealt	dealt	иметь дело (с)
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	чертить, тащить
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
find	found	found	находить
fight	fought	fought	бороться
fly	flew	flown	летать
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	предвидеть
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
get	got	got	получать, становиться
give	gave	given	давать
grow	grew	grown	расти, выращивать
have	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hold	held	held	иметь силу, держать
keep	kept	kept	держать, хранить
know	knew	known	знать
lay	laid	laid	класть
lead	led	led	вести
learn	learnt (learned)	learnt (learned)	узнавать, учиться
leave	left	left	оставлять
let	let	let	позволять
lose	lost	lost	терять
make	made	made	делать, заставлять
mean	meant	meant	значить, подразумевать
meet	met	met	встречать
put	put	put	класть
read	read	read	читать
run	ran	run	приводить в движение, бежать
say	said	said	говорить, сказать
see	saw	seen	видеть
send	sent	sent	посылать
set	set	set	помещать, ставить
show	showed	shown	показывать
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить, разговаривать
spend	spent	spent	тратить
spread	spread	spread	распространяться)
stand	stood	stood	стоять
strike	struck	struck(stricken)	ударять, бастовать
swing	swung	swung	качать(ся)
tear	tore	torn	разрывать
tell	told	told	рассказывать, сказать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросать
understand	understood	understood	понимать
wear	wore	worn	носить
win	won	won	выигрывать
write	wrote	written	писать

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