XI. Составьте аннотацию текста.

Text 11

WAN Service Providers

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

service provider

common carrier

dedicated Integrated Services Digital Network

value-added network

public data network

data highway (high-speed data highway)

item

multiplexor

unauthorized access

front-end processor

II. Проанализируйте состав слова "usefulness".

III. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, переведите на русский язык выражение "to get bogged down" и запомните его.

IV. Определите функцию инфинитива в следующем предложении. Переведите предложение на русский язык:

A tariff is a list of services and charges for the services to be offered.

V. Выпишите из первого и четвертого абзацев причастия, определите их форму и функцию и переведите вместе с относящимися к ним словами.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастия в зависимости от его формы и функции:

1. Architecture including all levels of hardware design is one of the major subdisciplines of computer science.

2. Being equipped with special conversion devices, the hybrid computer utilizes both analog and discrete representation of data.

3. Howard Aiken completed a fully automatic calculator in 1944 using standard machine components.

4. Using the very limited capabilities possessed by all computers, various tasks can be done quite easily.

5. Being based on packet-switching, Asynchronous Transfer Mode was designed with an entirely different approach — cell switching.

6. The data being transmitted from one teletype terminal to another was of great importance.

VII. Помните, что Past Participle может употребляться в причастных оборотах для выражения обстоятельства причины. Такие обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям причины с глаголом-сказуемым в страдательном залоге. Проанализируйте и переведите следующее предложение из шестого абзаца:

Based on routing data kept in an automatically updated table, the router decides where to send each packet.

VIII. На что указывает "would"в первом предложении седьмого абзаца?

IX. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий, второй и седьмой абзацы переведите письменно.

WAN Service Providers

1. Dedicated lines, microwave communications, and satellite services are available from a variety of companies, including the common carriers. Increasingly, telephone companies are offering dedicated Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) connections to businesses and large organizations.

2. When an organization wants to offer communications services to others, it submits a tariff to the government. (A tariff is a list of services and charges for the services to be offered.) When the government has accepted the tariff and approved the organization to offer communications to others, that organization is known as a common carrier.

3. Some firms specialize in providing dedicated lines. These companies lease dedicated lines, add services to enhance the communications, and then sell that enhanced service. This service is called a value-added network.

4. A public data network (PDN) builds its own high-speed data highways using microwaves, satellites, and optical fiber. A PDN can send data at rates of one million bits per second or more.

WAN Hardware

5. WANs require some special hardware items. A multiplexor is a hardware device that enhances the usefulness of a WAN connection. A multiplexor combines input signals from as many as several dozen computers and sends the combined signal along the communications channel. On the other end, an identical multiplexor decodes the signal and sends the messages to their correct destinations.

6. Routers work with packet switching networks. They receive packets and examine their addresses. Based on routing data kept in an automatically update table, the router decides where to send each packet.

7. Front-end processors handle all the communications tasks for large computers, which would otherwise get bogged down by sending and receiving messages. These processors also provide security to prevent unauthorized access.