- •Роботу виконала дійсний член вман
- •Вінниця
- •Contents
- •1. Introduction
- •2. At also…
- •3. Origins
- •4. Tostig and Harold
- •5. Norman invasion
- •6. English resistance
- •7. Control of England
- •8. Significance
- •8.1 Governmental systems
- •8.2 Anglo-Norman and French relations
- •8.3 English cultural development
- •8.4 Emigration to the Byzantine Empire
- •9. Legacy
- •10. Language
- •10.1 Old English
- •10.1.1 Also about Old English
- •10.1.2 Germanic origins
- •10.1.3 Latin influence
- •10.1.4 Grammar: phonology, morphology, syntax
- •10.1.5 Orthography
- •10.2 Old French
- •10.3 Norman language
- •10.3.1 History of Norman language
- •10.4 Norman French
- •10.5 Anglo-Normans and Anglo-Norman language
- •Distinctions in meaning between Anglo-Norman and French have led to many faux amis (words having similar form but different meanings) in Modern English and Modern French. [32]
- •10.6 Middle English
- •11. Conclusion
- •12. References
- •Appendix №1
- •England, 1066: Events in the Norman Conquest Appendix №2
- •Middle English:
- •Early modern English:
- •Appendix №3
- •Appendix №4
- •Appendix №5 “Charter of Cnut”
- •Is a polemical satire in verse published in Rouen in 1773
- •Appendix №10 Norman words which can be distinguished from the equivalent lexical items in French …
- •Appendix №11
- •Appendix №12
- •Appendix №12
- •Appendix №12
Is a polemical satire in verse published in Rouen in 1773
Appendix №7
Magazine
“Le Pucheux from the Pays de Caux”
Appendix №8
Here is a writer in Norman of XIX century
Maurice Le Sieutre
Maurice Le Sieutre (1879–1925, from Le Havre)
Poet and sculptor, who also set his own words to music; songs and poems published in Vie normande, Bulletin des parlers normands, Bulletin des parlers populaires.
Appendix №9
Examples of Norman words of Norse origin
Norman |
English |
Old East Norse |
French |
bel |
court, yard (cf. bailey?) |
bǿli |
cour (cf. bal) |
bète |
bait (borrowed from Norman) |
bæita |
appât |
canne |
can (borrowed from Norman) |
kanna |
cruche |
cat |
cat (Germanic cognate) |
kattʀ |
chat |
gardîn |
garden |
garðʀ |
jardin |
gradile |
(black)currant |
gaddʀ |
cassis |
graie |
prepare |
græiða |
préparer |
hardelle |
girl |
hóra (whore) |
fille (cf. hardi) |
hèrnais |
cart (cf. harness) |
járnaðʀ (shod (horse)) |
charrette (cf. harnais, harnâcher) |
hommet/houmet |
islet (diminutive of hou) |
hulmʀ |
îlot |
hou |
islet ( cf. holm, mainly in placenames) |
hulmʀ |
îlot |
hougue |
mound ( cf. howe, high) |
haugʀ |
monticule |
mauve |
seagull |
mávaʀ (pl.) |
gaviote (Pre-Norman) / mouette (Post-Norman) |
mielle |
dune |
mjalʀ |
dune |
mucre |
damp (cf. muggy) |
mygla |
humide |
nez |
headland or cliff (cf. Sheerness, etc.) |
næs |
falaise (cf. nez) |
pouque |
pouch, bag (cf. north of England poke , proverb "pig in a poke"; also pocket) |
puki |
sac (cf. poche) |
viquet |
wicket (borrowed from Norman) |
víkjas |
guichet (borrowed from Norman) |
Appendix №10 Norman words which can be distinguished from the equivalent lexical items in French …
English |
Norman |
French |
fashion |
< faichon |
= façon |
cabbage |
< caboche |
= chou (cf. caboche) |
castle |
< castel |
= château, castelet |
cauldron |
< caudron |
= chaudron |
causeway |
< caucie (now cauchie) |
= chaussée |
catch |
< cachier (now cachi) |
= chasser |
cater |
< acater |
= acheter |
mug |
< mogue/moque |
= mug, boc |
wicket |
< viquet |
= guichet (cf. piquet) |
… from Oxford English Dictionary